| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,940,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,140,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This research project focused on the status of emperors and presidents, especially the political connotations, institutional designs, and cultural frictions concerning them to gain new insights into political history of early twentieth-century China. For example, the inaugural ceremonies of presidents in early republican China were analyzed to understand how the political legitimacy was shown in the rituals. It was pointed out that Yuan Shikai had been forced to confront a very difficult puzzle when he managed to create political legitimacy of his own. Another attention of this research was directed to Professor Frank Goodnow, who was an adviser to Yuan Shikai, and made trials and errors in search of constitutional regime in China.
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