| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This research has shed light on the process that the Tokugawa bakufu established its protocols to receive Western diplomats during the last 11 years of its reign. The results have clarified concrete details and the historical significance of the "Bakumatsu diplomatic ceremonial", which was overlooked in the previous studies. From there, it has been understood that Japan, before the Meiji Restoration, proactively digested and introduced the essential part of modern diplomacy based on the concept of "equality" between the states; such efforts were rooted in Japan's own tradition of inter-Asiatic relations in which the reception of Korean envoys was core. As a next step, the research results should be compared with equivalent processes in neighbouring Asian countries, also paying attention to the interrelationships among them. This would lead to reconsidering the meaning of the encounter of the West and the non-West in the 19th century, and ultimately, the narrative of world history.
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