| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This study focuses on the current radical and powerful reforms of educational administration in the United States. In the US, especially in urban areas, people criticize teachers and schools because of poor academic test scores, low level of school safety and so on. The traditional boards of education have lost their reliability among people. Instead, the authority and influence of mayors on education have become powerful. They have imposed policies of burden on teachers which shall evaluate strictly contribution of teachers to academic achievement of students and shall give rigorous penalties to them. Similar situation is taking place in Japan. This study insist that we need to cunstruct some normative theories which can emphasize the accountability for future citizens rather than for current ones, that we should pursue the potencial of local public sphere for politics of education, and that we are at more risk of losing independence of education at central goverment.
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