| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥780,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This study examined the implementation status and issues of the two-way immersion program (TWI) in Asian languages and English in California, USA. The following research results were obtained. （1）The importance of expert guidance of the Board of Education in the establishment and operation of Mandarin and Hmong TWI school with few speakers and the significance of securing the legitimacy of TWI school by school choice system,（2）the importance of human network of language community in securing teachers for TWI,（3）Ensuring educational opportunities to establish identity and self-esteem as ethnic groups,（4）the lack of teachers to establish and operate high-quality TWI schools and the disparity in implementation capacity of school district.
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