| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,810,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,110,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥2,470,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥570,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Climatological features of lightning, based on stroke energy, were studied. The ratio of strong lightning (>90th percentile of stroke energy) to overall lightning is defined as S-ratio. It is found that a large S-ratio was observed in the grid where lightning activity was very weak. Four regions were found in which the S-ratio exceeded 30% over the ocean in the sub-polar climatic zones of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In cold seasons of the two Hemispheres, both the lightning activity and the S-ratio increased. In addition, Siberia also exhibited a large S-ratio (>30%), and both the lightning activity and the S-ratio increased in summer season.
S-ratio exceed 30% over the Kanto district in spring. Most of strong lightning were corresponding to positive lightning. Since it is well known that positive lightning have a larger stroke energy, it is considered that the cumulonimbi that brought strong spring lightning was equivalent to cumulonimbi that brought positive lightning.
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