Redox conditions and microbial activities in the middle Proterozoic Roper ocean

• Project/Area Number: 26400484
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Geology
• Research Institution: Tokyo Institute of Technology
• Principal Investigator: YOSHIYA KAZUMI 東京工業大学, 地球生命研究所, Affiliated Scientist (00636897)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 澤木 佑介 東京工業大学, 理学院, 助教 (00635063) ; 西澤 学 国立研究開発法人海洋研究開発機構, 深海・地殻内生物圏研究分野, 研究員 (60447539)
• Project Period (FY): 2014-04-01 – 2017-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2016)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,810,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,110,000); Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000); Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000); Fiscal Year 2014: ¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000)
• Keywords: 中期原生代 / 酸化還元状態 / McArthur Basin / 窒素同位体比 / 炭素同位体比 / 原生代中期 / 北オーストラリア / 鉄同位体比 / 黄鉄鉱 / 鉄同位体比局所分析 / オーストラリア北部準州

Outline of Final Research Achievements

We focused on the relationship between redox conditions and N cycle using the analysis of N and C isotope compositions of middle Proterozoic sedimentary rocks from the McArthur Basin in Australia. The average δ15NTN value of oxic and anoxic sediments is 2.5 and 2.6‰ respectively, suggesting the occurrences of water column denitrification regardless of redox conditions. It means that the isotopic signature of the aerobic N cycle is seen in shallow photic zone even in offshore environments. And, the difference in distribution pattern of C/N atomic ratios related to redox conditions was observed in the Roper Group. In oxic conditions, C/N atomic ratios of samples were lower than 20, whereas those in anoxic conditions were up to 69. The high TOC/TN ratio might be explained by the accumulation of N-depleted bio-molecules. The distribution pattern of microfossils and biomaker studies in the Roper strata are consistent with our speculation of habitat segregation of microorganisms.

Research Products

• [Journal Article] New chronological constraints on Neoarchean gneisses, Proterozoic cover sediments, and Triassic granite, Jixian, China (2016)
  • Author(s): Sawaki, Y., Li, Y., Asanuma, H., Sakata, S., Suzuki, K., Hirata, T., Windley, B. F.
  • Journal Title: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Volume: 459 Pages: 182-197
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.07.008
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Rock magnetism of tiny exsolved magnetite in plagioclase from a Paleoarchean granitoid in the Pilbara craton (2015)
  • Author(s): Yoichi Usui, Takazo Shibuya, Yusuke Sawaki, Tsuyoshi Komiya
  • Journal Title: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. Volume: 16 Issue: 1 Pages: 112-125
  • DOI: 10.1002/2014gc005508
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Constraints for the causes of mass extinction at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary based on high precision platinum group element analyses (2015)
  • Author(s): Fujisaki, W., Sawaki, Y., Yokoyama, T., Yamamoto, S., Maruyama, S.
  • Journal Title: BUNSEKI KAGAKU Volume: 64 Pages: 341-348
  • NAID: 130005075455
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] The Marine Environments encompassing the Neoproterozoic glaciations: evidence from C, Sr and Fe isotope ratios in the Hecla Hoek Supergroup in Svalbard. (2015)
  • Author(s): Tahata, M., Sawaki, Y., Yoshiya, K., Nishizawa, M., Komiya, T., Hirata, T., Yoshida, N., Maruyama, S., Windley, B. F.
  • Journal Title: Precambrian Research Volume: 263 Pages: 19-42
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.precamres.2015.03.007
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Uranium and molybdenum isotope evidence for an episode of widespread ocean oxygenation during the late Ediacaran Period (2015)
  • Author(s): Kendall, B., Komiya, T., Lyons, T. W., Bates, S. M., Gordon, G. W., Romaniello, S. J., Jiang, G., Creaser, R. A., Xiao, S., McFadden, K., Sawaki, Y., Tahata, M., Shu, D., Han, J., Li, Y., Chu, X., Anbar, A. D.
  • Journal Title: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Volume: 156 Pages: 173-193
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.025
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Ordovician ocean plate stratigraphy and thrust duplexes of the Ballantrae Complex, SW Scotland: Implications for the pelagic deposition rate and forearc accretion in the closing Iapetus Ocean (2015)
  • Author(s): Fujisaki, W., Asanuma, H., Suzuki, K., Sawaki, Y., Sakata, S., Hirata, T., Maruyama, S., Windley, B. F.
  • Journal Title: Tectonophysics Volume: 662 Pages: 312-327
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.04.014
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Reconstruction of ocean plate stratigraphy in the Gwna Group, NW Wales: Implications for the subduction-accretion process of a latest Proterozoic trench-forearc (2015)
  • Author(s): Asanuma, H., Okada, Y., Fujisaki, W., Suzuki, K., Sato, T., Sawaki, Y., Sakata, S., Yamamoto, S., Hirata, T., Maruyama, S., Windley, B. F.
  • Journal Title: Tectonophysics Volume: 662 Pages: 195-207
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.04.016
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Ancient oceanic crust in island arc lower crust: evidence from oxygen isotopes in zircons from the Tanzawa Tonalitic Pluton (2015)
  • Author(s): Suzuki, K., Kitajima, K., Sawaki, Y., Hattori, K., Hirata, T., Maruyama, S.
  • Journal Title: Lithos Volume: 228-229 Pages: 43-54
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.lithos.2015.04.005
  • NAID: 130005476304
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Geology of the Eoarchean, >3.95 Ga, Nulliak supracrustal rocks in the Saglek Block, northern Labrador, Canada: The oldest geological evidence for plate tectonics (2015)
  • Author(s): Komiya, T., Yamamoto, S., Aoki, S., Sawaki, Y., Ishikawa, A., Tashiro, T., Koshida, K., Shimojo, M., Aoki, K., Collerson, K.
  • Journal Title: Tectonophysics Volume: 662 Pages: 40-66
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.05.003
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Geochemistry of accreted metavolcanic rocks from the Neoproterozoic Gwna Group of Anglesey-Lleyn, NW Wales, U.K: MORB and OIB in the Iapetus Ocean (2015)
  • Author(s): Saito, T., Uno, M., Sato, T., Fujisaki, W., Haraguchi, S., Li, Y., Sawaki, Y., Yamamoto, S., Maruyama, S.
  • Journal Title: Tectonophysics Volume: 662 Pages: 243-255
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.08.015
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Redox condition of the late Neoproterozoic pelagic deep ocean: 57Fe Mössbauer analyses of pelagic mudstones in the Ediacaran accretionary complex, Wales, UK (2015)
  • Author(s): Sato, T., Sawaki, Y., Asanuma, H., Fujisaki, W., Okada, Y., Maruyama, S., Isozaki, Y., Shozugawa, K., Matsuo, M., Windley, B. F.
  • Journal Title: Tectonophysics Volume: 662 Pages: 472-480
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.08.002
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] In-situ iron isotope analysis of pyrites in ~3.7 Ga sedimentary protoliths (2015)
  • Author(s): Yoshiya, K., Sawaki, Y., Hirata, T., Maruyama, S., Komiya, T.,
  • Journal Title: Chemical Geology Volume: 401 Pages: 126-139
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.02.022
  • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] In-situ iron isotope analyses of pyrites from 3.5 to 3.2 Ga sedimentary rocks of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, Kaapvaal Craton (2015)
  • Author(s): Yoshiya, K., Sawaki, Y., Shibuya, Yamamoto, S., Komiya, T., Hirata, T., Maruyama, S.
  • Journal Title: Chemical Geology Volume: 403 Pages: 58-73
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.03.007
  • NAID: 130004596433
  • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Three-step modernization of the ocean: Modeling of carbon cycles and the revolution of ecological systems in the Ediacaran/Cambrian periods. (2015)
  • Author(s): Tahata, M., Y. Sawaki, Ueno, Y., Nishizawa, M., Yoshida, N., Ebisuzaki, T., Komiya, T., Maruyama, S.
  • Journal Title: Geoscience Frontiers Volume: 6 Issue: 1 Pages: 121-136
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2014.05.005
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] The anomalous Ca cycle in the Ediacaran ocean: evidence from Ca isotopes preserved in carbonates in the Three Gorges area, South China (2014)
  • Author(s): Y. Sawaki, M. Tahata, T. Ohno, T. Komiya, T. Hirata, S. Maruyama, J. Han, D. Shu
  • Journal Title: Gondwana Research Volume: 25 Issue: 3 Pages: 1070-1089
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.03.008
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] The Cambrian Explosion: Plume-driven birth of the second ecosystem on Earth (2014)
  • Author(s): Santosh, M., Maruyama, S., Sawaki, Y., Meert, J. G.
  • Journal Title: Gondwana Research Volume: 25 Issue: 3 Pages: 945-965
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.03.013
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] New chronological constraints for Cryogenian to Cambrian rocks in the Three Gorges, Weng’an and Chengjiang areas, South China (2014)
  • Author(s): Okada, Y., Sawaki, Y., Komiya, T., Hirata, T., Takahata, N., Sano, Y., Han, J., Maruyama, S.
  • Journal Title: Gondwana Research Volume: 25 Issue: 3 Pages: 1027-1044
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.05.001
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Nitrogen isotope chemostratigraphy of the Ediacaran and Early Cambrian platform sequence at Three Gorges, South China (2014)
  • Author(s): Kikumoto, R., Tahata, M., Nishizawa, M., Sawaki, Y., Maruyama, S., Komiya, T., Takai, K., Ueno, Y.
  • Journal Title: Gondwana Research Volume: 25 Issue: 3 Pages: 1057-1069
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.06.002
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] In-situ analyses of phosphorus contents of carbonate minerals: Reconstruction of phosphorus contents of seawater from the Ediacaran to early Cambrian (2014)
  • Author(s): Shimura, T., Kon, Y., Sawaki, Y., Hirata, T., Han, J., Shu, D., Komiya, K.
  • Journal Title: Gondwana Research Volume: 25 Issue: 3 Pages: 1090-1107
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.08.001
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Zircon U-Pb dating from the mafic enclaves in the Tanzawa Tonalitic Pluton, Japan: Implications for arc history and formation age of the lower-crust (2014)
  • Author(s): Suzuki, K., Yamamoto, S., Sawaki, Y., Aoki, K., Omori, S., Kon, Y., Hirata, T., Li, Y., Takaya, Y., Fujinaga, K., Kato, Y., Maruyama, S.
  • Journal Title: Lithos Volume: 196-197 Pages: 301-320
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.lithos.2014.02.010
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Accreted Kula plate fragment at 94 Ma in the Yokonami-melange, Shimanto-belt, Shikoku, Japan (2014)
  • Author(s): Saito, T., Okada, Y., Fujisaki, W., Sawaki, Y., Sakata, S., Dohm, J., Maruyama, S., Hirata, T.
  • Journal Title: Tectonophysics Volume: 623 Pages: 136-146
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2014.03.026
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Physiological and isotopic characteristics of nitrogen fixation by hyperthermophilic methanogens: Key insights into nitrogen anabolism of the microbial communities in (2014)
  • Author(s): Nishizawa, M., Miyazaki, J., Makabe, A., Koba, K., Takai, K.
  • Journal Title: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Volume: 138 Pages: 117-135
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2014.04.021
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Geochemical and microbiological insights into co-evolution of life and material dynamics on the early Earth (2014)
  • Author(s): 西澤学
  • Journal Title: Chikyukagaku Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Pages: 169-186
  • DOI: 10.14934/chikyukagaku.48.169
  • NAID: 130004698008
  • ISSN: 0386-4073, 2188-5923
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Microbial sulfate reduction within the Iheya North subseafloor hydrothermal system constrained by quadruple sulfur isotopes (2014)
  • Author(s): Aoyama, S., Nishizawa, M., Takai, K., and Ueno, Y.
  • Journal Title: Earth and Planetary Science Letters Volume: 398 Pages: 113-126
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.039
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Microbial Community Stratification Controlled by the Subseafloor Fluid Flow and Geothermal Gradient at the Iheya North Hydrothermal Field in the Mid-Okinawa (2014)
  • Author(s): Yanagawa, K., Breuker, A., Schippers, A., Nishizawa, M., Ijiri, A., Hirai M., Takaki, Y., Sunamura, M., Urabe, T., Nunoura, T., Takai, K.
  • Journal Title: Applied and Environmental Microbiology Volume: 80/19 Issue: 19 Pages: 6126-6135
  • DOI: 10.1128/aem.01741-14
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Nitrogen isotope chemostratigraphy across the Permian-Triassic boundary at Chaotian, Sichuan, South China. (2014)
  • Author(s): Saitoh, M., Y. Ueno, Nishizawa, M., Isozaki, Y., Takai, K., Yao, J., Ji, Z.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences Volume: 93 Pages: 113-128
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.06.026
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Isotopic evidence for water-column denitrification and sulfate reduction at the end-Guadalupian (Middle Permian) (2014)
  • Author(s): Masafumi Saitoh, Yuichiro Ueno, Yukio Isozaki, Manabu Nishizawa, Katsumi Shozugawa, Tetsuya Kawamura, Jianxin Yao, Zhansheng Ji, Ken Takai, Naohiro Yoshida, and Motoyuki Matsuo
  • Journal Title: Global and Planetary Change Volume: 123 Pages: 110-120
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.10.014
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Initiation of leaking Earth: An ultimate trigger of the Cambrian explosion (2013)
  • Author(s): Maruyama, S., Sawaki, Y., Ebisuzaki, T., Ikoma, M., Omori, S., Komabayashi, T.
  • Journal Title: Gondwana Research Volume: 25 Issue: 3 Pages: 910-944
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.03.012
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] Nitrogen/Carbon isotope ratios from the early to middle Proterozoic sedimentary rocks, McArthur basin, northern Australia (2017)
  • Author(s): Sawaki, Y., Nishizawa, M., Matsui, Y., Komiya, T., Maruyama, S.
  • Organizer: 4th IGS Precambrian World
  • Place of Presentation: 九州大学(西新プラザ)
  • Year and Date: 2017-03-03
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Nitrogen/Carbon isotope ratios from the early to middle Proterozoic sedimentary rocks, McArthur basin, northern Australia (2016)
  • Author(s): Yoshiya, K., Sawaki, Y., Nishizawa, M., Matsui, Y., Komiya, T., Maruyama, S.
  • Organizer: GSA Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: デンバー(アメリカ)
  • Year and Date: 2016-09-25
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Organic Nitrogen/Carbon isotope ratios from the Middle Proterozoic sedimentary rocks, McArthur Basin, Northern Australia (2016)
  • Author(s): 吉屋一美、澤木佑介、西澤学、小宮剛、丸山茂徳
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会
  • Place of Presentation: 幕張メッセ(千葉)
  • Year and Date: 2016-05-20
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Deciphering surface environments during the Ediacaran (2015)
  • Author(s): 澤木 佑介
  • Organizer: 日本地質学会第122年学術大会
  • Place of Presentation: 信州大学
  • Year and Date: 2015-09-11
• [Presentation] In situ Iron Isotope Analysis of Pyrite and Carbon/Nitrogen Isotope Ratios from the Middle Proterozoic Sediments, McArthur Basin, Northern Australia (2015)
  • Author(s): Yoshiya, K., Sawaki, Y., Nishizawa, M., Komiya, T., Hirata, T., Maruyama, S.
  • Organizer: Goldschmidt 2015 Conference
  • Place of Presentation: チェコ、プラハ
  • Year and Date: 2015-08-16
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] In-situ iron isotope analysis of pyrite and organic carbon/nitrogen isotope ratios from the Middle Proterozoic sediments (2015)
  • Author(s): 吉屋 一美、澤木 佑介、西澤 学、小宮 剛、平田 岳史、丸山 茂徳
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2015年大会
  • Place of Presentation: 幕張メッセ(千葉)
  • Year and Date: 2015-05-24
• [Presentation] In-situ iron isotope analysis of pyrites in ~ 3.7 Ga sedimentary protoliths from the Isua supracrustal belt (2015)
  • Author(s): 吉屋 一美、澤木 佑介、平田 岳史、丸山 茂徳、小宮 剛
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2015年大会
  • Place of Presentation: 幕張メッセ(千葉)
  • Year and Date: 2015-05-24
• [Presentation] ithostratigraphy of mesoproterozoic stratum at Jixian, north China (2015)
  • Author(s): 澤木 佑介、浅沼 尚
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2015年大会
  • Place of Presentation: 幕張メッセ（千葉）
  • Year and Date: 2015-05-24
• [Presentation] Euxinic conditions at Three Gorges area as opposed to global oxidation event, around PC/C boundary (2015)
  • Author(s): 澤木 佑介
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2015年大会
  • Place of Presentation: 幕張メッセ（千葉）
  • Year and Date: 2015-05-24
• [Presentation] The stepwise increase of continental weathering in the Ediacaran and early Cambrian: evidenced from radiogenic Sr isotope excursion in the strata at Three Gorges, (2014)
  • Author(s): Yusuke Sawaki, Shigenori Maruyama
  • Organizer: AGU Fall Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: サンフランシスコ
  • Year and Date: 2014-12-15 – 2014-12-19
• [Presentation] In-situ iron isotope analysis of pyrite and organic carbon/nitrogen isotope ratios in the Middle Proterozoic sediments from McArthur Basin, Northern Australia (2014)
  • Author(s): Kazumi Yoshiya, Yusuke Sawaki, Manabu Nishizawa, Tsuyoshi Komiya, Takafumi Hirata, Shigenori Maruyama
  • Organizer: Geological Society of America Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: バンクーバ
  • Year and Date: 2014-10-18 – 2014-10-22
• [Presentation] The radiogenic Sr isotope excursion during the Ediacaran and early Cambrian (2014)
  • Author(s): Yusuke Sawaki, Shigenori Maruyama, Tomohiko Sato
  • Organizer: Geological Society of America Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: バンクーバー
  • Year and Date: 2014-10-18 – 2014-10-22
• [Presentation] 好熱性アーキアによるアンモニア酸化の窒素・酸素同位体分別 (2014)
  • Author(s): 西澤学、酒井早苗、高井研
  • Organizer: 2014年度日本地球化学会年会
  • Place of Presentation: 富山大学
  • Year and Date: 2014-09-16 – 2014-09-18
• [Presentation] 原生代中期(17から14億年前)の海洋の酸化還元状態と微生物活動の解明 (2014)
  • Author(s): 吉屋一美、澤木佑介、西澤学、小宮剛、平田岳史、丸山茂徳
  • Organizer: 日本地質学会第121年学術大会
  • Place of Presentation: 鹿児島大学
  • Year and Date: 2014-09-13 – 2014-09-15
• [Presentation] ウェールズ北西部に露出する付加体の堆積年代の制約とその後背地推定 (2014)
  • Author(s): 澤木佑介、浅沼尚、鈴木和恵、岡田吉弘、丸山茂徳
  • Organizer: 日本地質学会第121年学術大会
  • Place of Presentation: 鹿児島大学
  • Year and Date: 2014-09-13 – 2014-09-15
• [Presentation] エディアカラ紀に起きた生命の大型化とそれを引き起こした環境変動 (2014)
  • Author(s): 澤木佑介、丸山茂徳
  • Organizer: 日本進化学会年大会 第１６回大阪大会
  • Place of Presentation: 高槻現代劇場（大阪）
  • Year and Date: 2014-08-21 – 2014-08-24
• [Presentation] 原始地球環境下での低温アンモニア合成 (2014)
  • Author(s): 澤木佑介、丸山茂徳
  • Organizer: 日本進化学会年大会 第１６回大阪大会
  • Place of Presentation: 高槻現代劇場（大阪）
  • Year and Date: 2014-08-21 – 2014-08-24
• [Presentation] In-situ iron isotope analysis of pyrite in ca. 3.8 Ga metasediments from Isua supracrustal belt, Greenland (2014)
  • Author(s): 吉屋 一美、澤木 佑介、小宮 剛、平田 岳史、丸山 茂徳
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2014年大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜
  • Year and Date: 2014-04-28 – 2014-05-02
• [Presentation] ncient ocean environment in the Ediacaran to Cambrian. (2014)
  • Author(s): 澤木佑介、丸山茂徳
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2014年大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜
  • Year and Date: 2014-04-28 – 2014-05-02
• [Presentation] 原始海底熱水系における超好熱メタン菌の窒素固定 (2014)
  • Author(s): 西澤学, 宮崎淳一, 高井研
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2014年大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜
  • Year and Date: 2014-04-28 – 2014-05-02
• [Presentation] （超）深海堆積物における窒素動態と微生物生態 (2014)
  • Author(s): 西澤学, 平井美穂, 野牧秀隆, 柳川勝紀,布浦拓郎 眞壁明子, 木庭啓介
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2014年大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜
  • Year and Date: 2014-04-28 – 2014-05-02