| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,940,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,140,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥420,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Occurrence of residual endotoxin activity (ET) in tap water is a matter of great concern to medical professionals conducting dialysis therapy in healthcare facilities (HCFs). This study was performed to determine the occurrence and fate of the ET at selected Japanese drinking water purification plants and HCFs. Chemical coagulation and sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and membrane filtration were highly effective to decrease ET. Moderate decreases in bound-ET and limited decreases in free-ET were observed by chlorination and ozonation. Bacterial activated carbon filtration was a major cause of significant increases in endotoxin activity during the course of drinking water purification process. Microbial regrowth on the premises, from water tanks to faucets at HCFs could also contribute to ET increases in tap water.
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