| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
While the international economic order in the past mostly evolved out of formal institutions created by nation states, or "public actors", those in the twenty-first century are primarily results of global value chains generated by "private actors" including multinational enterprises. These value chains now span at a magnitude that can not be captured and controlled by single nation states. These suggest that the relative power balance between private actors and public actors have changed in the recent years, favouring the former over the latter. This will induce nation states to review and revise their policy options as they have become increasingly irrelevant.
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