| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥780,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The aim of this research was the effect of Grade retention(redoublement) in French education system. After the analysis, it is obvious that the repeater were mostly underclass, boys, and ethnic minority pupils and the grade retention do not make any improvements in their academic achievement.
In fact, the massification of education since 1980's do not improve the democratisation of education neither the equity of gap between the upper and lower class pupils.
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