| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
We established experimental basis of penguin embryology. The basis enabled us to transfer penguin eggs from an aquarium in Tokyo to our laboratory in Sendai, incubate eggs, and manipulate penguin embryos. We found that developmental defects of the first digit in the penguin forelimb (wing) start at stage 27 and that decrease of cell proliferation and ectopic expression of bmp4 can be seen during the process. We also described developmental process of flight feather formation in the chick and penguin embryos. We are now preparing some manuscripts for publishing the data on penguin wing development. Thanks to this project, a model system of penguin embryology was successfully established for the first time in the world.
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