| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,470,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥570,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
There is much debate about hate speech regulations, especially criminal punishment. As another approach to pursue the legal liability of hate speaker, we can explore the possibility of the civil remedies. According to my research, it is meaningful that a hate speech victim can bring a civil action to confirm the court's judgement on whether the expressive conduct is illegal, without judgement of administrative agencies. On the other hand, the civil remedy approach has many limitations. This study also reveals that the concept of "hate speech" is very ambiguous and subsumes diverse types of speech.
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