| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,640,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥840,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
When American president signs a bill into law, he has a chance to issue a signing statement to declare his disobedience to some "unconstitutional" provisions. However, the Constitution of the United States doesn't allow president's partial veto power.
My research focused on the development of presidential signing statement. I found Jimmy Carter began to use signing statement to nullify legislative veto provisions. Ronald Reagan broadened the scope of signing statement with support of conservative lawyers. After Reagan administration, presidents have continued to use signing statements. Donald Trump also have issued signing statement.
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