| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥2,210,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥510,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Human monocyte cell line THP-1 was stimulated by PMA (Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate). PMA-stimulated THP-1 was used as differentiated macrophages in vitro. PMA-THP-1 cells were cultured with AGEs or various cytokines (M1 inducer: IFN-γ, M2 inducer: IL-4 & IL-13, RPE secreting cytokine: PGE2). ELISA or FACS was performed in order to measure cytokines and chemokines in the cell supernatants. Quantitative mRNA expressions were also examined by RT-PCR. VEGF was highly secreted by PMA-stimulated THP-1 in the presence of AGEs or PGE2. Furthermore, not only massive secretion of IL-8 but also multiple increased productions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, RANTES were induced by AGEs. In the presence of AGEs or PGE2, VEGF expression from macrophages is elevated. Furthermore, AGEs induces robust proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines productions, which indicates critical macrophage mediated ocular pathology triggered by AGEs.
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