| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,100,000)
Fiscal Year 1986: ¥700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000)
Fiscal Year 1985: ¥600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 1984: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Ecological and sonagraphic studies of Black Woodpeckers have done in Mt. Moriyoshi of Honshu, Furano of Hokkaido, and W.Germany from 1984 to 1986. As the results of the present studies, it was clear as followings,
(1) Sonagrams of almost all sounds of Black Woodpeckers were made, that is, the sounds of the adult Black Woodpeckers were followings, Kjah, Kurr, Kwih and Kijack, and these variations, those of the nestlings were at first Jha Jha, and as the nestlings grown up, the sounds of them were Jha Jha, Kwih and Kilo or Klio, and their sounds have changed progressively to the adult sounds. The sounds of the fledglings were heard as Kwih and Kijack, and it was clear that they were communicated to the parent by these sounds.
(2) I compared the both basic sounds of Kjah and Kurr by sonagraphic method between Japan and W.Germany. Kjah sound of german Black Woodpeckers is clearly longer than that of Japanese Black Woodpeckers. As for Kurr sound, although the average number of sub-elements consisted of one element are about 2 in Japanese Black Woodpeckers, those are about 4 in Germany. It is thought that these differences of sonagrams in both Kjah and Kurr sounds based on the different environment where they have lived isolately for a long time respectively. As the result, it is seem that they have differentiated respectively on the different acoustic characteristics.
(3) Play-back experiments that were listten to the nestlings of this bird in Furano of Hokkaido were done. As the result of these experiments, the nestlings responsed to the basic sounds of the Black Woodpeckers of Mt. Moriyoshi. So that,it is thought that these differences of the acoustical characteristics of the both Kjah and Kurr sounds have differentiated on the level of the sub-species in the Black Woodpeckers.
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