| Project/Area Number |
59550407
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
建築史・建築意匠
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| Research Institution | The Department of Technology of University of Chiba |
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Principal Investigator |
TAMAI Tetsuo Assistant Professor, 工学部, 助教授 (80114297)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1984 – 1986
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1986)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000)
Fiscal Year 1986: ¥300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 1985: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 1984: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
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| Keywords | Townhouse / Urban landscape / Early modern city / Tsuma-iri / Hira-iri / Lot plan / 平入 |
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| Research Abstract |
The nation-wide research on MINKA (folk-style houses) and MACHINAMI (urban landscape) is beginning to clarify geographical distribution of MINKA, its historical development and its influence upon marginal areas. This research could contribute towards the research on the residential architecture in the cities of eastern Japan and the classification of MACHIYA (literally townhouse, or the residence of merchants with its main entrance facing the street) by using two indices. One is floor-level zoning. The other is the relation between the roof form and the entrance. HIRA-IRI is the type in which the gable-end makes a right angle with the entrance. TSUMA-IRI is the type in which the entrance is on the same side of the gable-end.
HIRA-IRI is the main type seen from Hokuriku district to southern Niigata prefecture on the Japan Sea side. In contrast, TSUMA-IRI is the main type from northern Yamagata to Hokkaido on the Japan Sea side of Japan. However, TSUMA-IRI which could be traced back to the early Edo is the main type in the city of Numata in central Kanto and in the city of Sakata on the Japan Sea side where TSUMA-IRI is dominant, HIRA-IRI was seen among large-scale residences in the city center.
In general, HIRA-IRI which was the major type at the advanced area (KYOTO) had gradually spread to under-developed areas (eastern Japan) where TSUMA-IRI was dominant in the Edo period. In this process, HIRA-IRI was accepted only among wealthy merchants as the status symbol in some cities whereas in other cities it had completely replaced TSUMA-IRI.
In regards to floor-level zoning, its understanding would be further enhanced by classifying it into two types; TOORIDOMA-ICHIRETSU type (the row room type along the earthen alley for traffic) which is typically seen in Kyoto and became popular among ordinary MACHIYA and TOORIDOMA-NIRETSU type (the double row room type along the earthen alley) originated among MACHIYA of wealthy merchants.
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