| Project/Area Number |
60470010
|
|---|
| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
|
| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
|---|
| Research Field |
物理化学一般
|
|---|
| Research Institution | Osaka University |
|---|
Principal Investigator |
MATSUO Takasuke Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,Osaka University, 理学部, 助教授 (00028185)
|
|---|
| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
OGUNI Masaharu ditto, 理学部, 助手 (50144423)
|
|---|
| Project Period (FY) |
1985 – 1986
|
| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1986)
|
| Budget Amount *help |
¥5,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,500,000)
Fiscal Year 1986: ¥2,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1985: ¥3,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000)
|
|---|
| Keywords | Glassy state / Glassy crystal / Configurational relaxation / Enthalpy relaxation / Rubidium cyanide / Potassium cyanide / シアン化カリウム / 氷の多形 |
|---|
| Research Abstract |
Vibrational and configurational degrees of freedom of a substance in a condensed phase have widely different time scales involved in their relaxational properties. The vibrational relaxation takes place in a short time that can be studied by eg. line width measurement of the vibrational spectra. The configurational relaxation is usually a much slower process and studied by dielectric, mechanical and other relaxational spectroscopies. This degree of freedom is excited significantly in configurationally disordered substances. In this research project we are concerned with the relaxational properties of disordered substances in the thermodynamic non-equilibrium state. A substance in thermodynamic non-equilibrium is called a glassy substance. The glassy state thus envisaged can occur not only in amorphous substances but also in disordered crystals. Relaxation in glassy substances has an unusual property that the temperature cannot be defined even locally.
We constructed an apparatus for sim
… More
ultaneous measurement of the relaxation of the enthalpy and the dielectric polarization. The enthalpy relaxation is measured as a change of the temperature (ie., the vibrational temperature) of the sample kept in an adiabatic condition. Spontaneous rise and fall of the temperature indicate the decrease and increase, respectively, of the configurational enthalpy. The polarization relaxation is measured as the depolarization current.
Rubidium cyanide, potassium cyanide-potassium bromide solid solutions, ice doped with lithium hydroxide and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-rubidium dihydrogen phosphate solid solutions were studied calorimetrically. The first three substances underwent relaxational transitions at 30 K, 27 K and 62 K, respectively. Analysis of the relaxation times and the increment of the heat capacities showed that they are glassy crystals. The configurational ordering in the last substance took place without causing anomalies in the thermal properties. The polarization relaxation measurement is now under way. Less
|
