| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
TERASHIMA Itaru Professor, Teikyo University of Ichihara Hospital, 医学部市原病院小児科, 教授 (20009591)
NAKAMURA Akira Assistant, Department of Pediatrics,School of Medicine,Chiba University, 医学部小児科, 助手 (30155816)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000)
Fiscal Year 1988: ¥700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000)
Fiscal Year 1987: ¥700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000)
Fiscal Year 1986: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Studies on Haemophilus influenzae infections among infants and children in Japan Haemophilus influenzae(Hi) is the main organism causing systemic infections among infants and children in western countries, where Hi type b(Hib) vaccine has been recommended recently. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the states on Hi infections in childhood.
1. Hi systemic infections in Japan.
(1) Nation-wide surveys: According to the questionaire sent to main pediatric clinics in Japan, patients with Hi systemic infections reported in 1982-1984(I) and 1985-1988(II) were 213 and 427, respectively. 91% of them were diagnosed as meningitis: more than two thirds of them were less than age two; mortality rate was 2.6% in (II), reduced to half of that in (I), whereas sequelae remained unimproved, 22% in each.
(2) Population study in Chiba Prefecture revealed that morbidity rate of Hi systemic infections, including meningitis counted for 4.8% (meningitis 3.9) per 100,000 population of 0-4 year-old, in con
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trast to that in the U.S. 100 (meningitis 60).
(3) 36 cases of Hi pneumonia in childhood in Japan were analyzed clinically and bacteriologically, 2. Characteristics of Hi strains causing systemic infections in Japan: 77 Hi strains isolated from 37 institutes were examined for serotypes, biotypes and sensitivity to antimicrobials, such as ampicillin(ABPC), Chloramphenicol(CP), etc.. 98% of the isolates from meningitic children were of type b, 93% biotype I of II, 35% ABPC-resistant. 77% of CP-resistant strains linked to ABPC-resistant. No resistant strains to CTX or LMOX were observed.
3. Detection of Hi capsular antigens in serum, urine and sputum:
(1) Using CIE for detecting Hi antigens in serum and urine taken from 288 children with pneumonia,4 cases of Hib pneumonia were diagonsed.
(2) Hib antigen was detected in 2 of 46 sputum specimens from which the organism was cultured doninantly 4. Nasopharyngeal carriage rates of Hib: Hib carriage rates were evaluated using antiserum agar plate.
In contrast with these of control groups, 1.7% or 2.2% positive rate, 10.0% was reported in children, of the nursery school where the brother of the index patient with Hib meningitis attends. This seems to indicate that attention should be paid not only to household but to nursery contacts in Japan. Less
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