| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000)
Fiscal Year 1988: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 1987: ¥1,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000)
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| Research Abstract |
TO MERE CLEAR URBAN'II'S CRUSADING PLAN, I EXAMINED THE REACTION OF THE FRENCH CHURCH AND THE POPE TO PHILIP I'S REMARRTAGE, AND TRACED EARLY PROGRESS OF THE FIRST CRUSADE.
1. URBAN II, WHO HAD BEEN INVOLVED IN THE INVESTIGATION STRUGGLE, HAD NOT WINNED THE PAPAL POWER UNTI THE END OF 1093, AND THEREFORE, HE COULD NOT TAKE A FIRM ATTITUDE TO PHILIP'S AFFAIR.
2. AT THE COUNCIL OF PIACENZA WHICH URBAN COULD SHOW THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PAPAL POWER, HE COULD NOT REACH A DEFINITE DECISION TO THIS PROBLEM. THE REASON WAS THAT URBAN HAD IMAGINED THE CRUSADING PLAN. HE WAS DEMANDED THE MILITARY SUPPORT BY BYZANTINE ENVOY AT THE COUNCIL.
3. IN ACTUALIZING HIS PLAN, URBAN II ACQUIRED THE PROMISE THAT RAYMOND DE SAINT-GILLES, COUNT OF TOULOUSE, WOULD GO TO THE EAST AS A COMMANDER OF THE EXPEDITION. AND THEN, URBAN II DETERMINED THE EXCOMMUNICATION OF PHILIP I AT THE COUNCIL OF CLERMONT.
4. IT WAS SMALL LORDS AND PAUPERES THAT RESPONSED AT THE VERY FIRST TO THE CRUSADE PREACHING. THEY ATTACKED OFTEN THE JEWISH COMMUNITIES ON THE WAY TO THE EAST. THE PATTERNS AND THE LOGIC OF THE PERSECUTION OF JEWS BY THE CRUSADERS: (1) THE DESTRUCTION OF THE SINAGOGUE, (2) THE FORCIBLE CHOISE BETWEEN BAPTISM OR DEATH, (3) A DIFFICULTY THAT THE CRUSADERS HAD IN MAKING ANY DISTICTION DETWEEN JEWS AND MUSLTMS AS ENBMIES OF THE FAITH.
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