| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000)
Fiscal Year 1988: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 1987: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
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| Research Abstract |
In 1987, I extracted four types from cases of consolidation in terms of technology, market, business system and strategy. In 1988, I divided 43 largest consolidation firms into four types and made up a general table of the information about these firms. I examined factors which led to consolidation and the process of change in the structure and ownership of business. Moreover, I investigated other important items in each case.
I got several conclusions from this examination which are not final. There are great differences in the process to consolidation between four types. This fact shows the dynamism in the American industrial history. There are several items in which I can recognize differences between four types. However, the result of consolidations and the evolution after consolidations are similar to each other. Huge capital or business resources were concentrated in one firm, and the nature of firm changed from individual property to social existence. Owner-managers disappeared and professional managers took their places. They formed structures of middle and top management. The strategy of firms entered the phase of growth by diversification which was not so wide but from 4-digit industrial classification to 3-digit one. The structure of industries changed from monopolistic one to oligopolistic one. In the process of change above mentioned a new type of structure of firm and industry emerged, which differ from the type of 19 century's. Merger movement or consolidation movement played an important role in the process of innovation from 19 century's structure of firm and industry to 20 century's. This process was progressing gradually in late 19 century, but consolidation movement accelerated this process and changed a scene in one night. These things are historical phenomena that happened in almost all industries.
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