| Project/Area Number |
62850162
|
|---|
| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research
|
| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
|---|
| Research Field |
化学工学
|
|---|
| Research Institution | Waseda University |
|---|
Principal Investigator |
SAKAI Kiyotaka Waseda University, Professor, 理工学部, 教授 (00063727)
|
|---|
| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
TAKESAWA Shingo Yokohama Dai-ichi Hospital, Manager of Lab., 研究室長 (30171630)
|
|---|
| Project Period (FY) |
1987 – 1989
|
| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1989)
|
| Budget Amount *help |
¥10,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,900,000)
Fiscal Year 1989: ¥1,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000)
Fiscal Year 1988: ¥2,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000)
Fiscal Year 1987: ¥7,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,300,000)
|
|---|
| Keywords | Polytetrafluoroethylene / Water Vapor Permeability / Temperature Polarization / Concentration Polarization / Ethylene Glycol / Bovine Blood / Bovine Plasma / Tortuosity |
|---|
| Research Abstract |
We have tried removal of solute-free water from bovine blood and regeneration of dialysate by membrane distillation which have the advantages of high flux and outstanding selectivity at lower temperatures. Results are listed below: 1. Water vapor permeability for pure water is measured with a temperature controlled stirred cell. Heat transfer coefficients of both sides of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) membranes are calculated by conventional heat transfer model. Water vapor permeability of the membrane for pure water is linearly proportional to porosity divided by membrane thickness. The tortuosity of the membrane is calculated to be 1.27 from the slope of a linear plot of water vapor permeability against porosity divided by membrane thickness. 2. Water vapor permeate flux data is determined with the temperature controlled stirred cell to clarify effects of temperature and concentration polarization on water vapor permeability in membrane distillation . Temperature and concentration at membrane surfaces is evaluated based on heat and mass transfer models. Wall temperature at warm compartment increases with stirring speed while wall concentration decreases with stirring speed. 3. Ions are impermeable to the PTFE membranes, demonstrating the possibility of complete regeneration of discarded dialysate. 4. Techniques of air-liquid membrane distillation are capable of removing solute-free water from bovine blood. Heat efficiency of air-liquid membrane distillation with 3.22gmol/kg ethylene glycol solution at an air flow rate of 40.4 I/min is calculated to be 75% and that of liquid-liquid membrane distillation at a stirring speed of 16.7s^<-1> to be 55%. Techniques of air-liquid membrane distillati are superior to those of liquid-liquid membrane distillation with respect to heat efficiency.
|
