| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000)
Fiscal Year 1989: ¥600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 1988: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
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| Research Abstract |
To clarify the actual status of special classes for underachievers and mentally retarded children prior to world war II in Japan,we collected and looked through previous investigation and some historical materials referred to these classes. And we visited some schools which established special classes in this period to investigate historical materials preserved there.
The results were as follows; 1. We found 233 schools which established these classes in this period. 2. These schools spreaded in almost all prefectures in Japan except Tochigi,Shizuoka,Kagawa,Kochi and Kagoshima prefectures. 3. Many special classes established from 1922 to 1927, that is to say, the most remarkable advance in the development of special classes was brought about at the end of Taisho Era. 4. But,many of these classes discontinued in a couple of years. The reasons why they didn't continue were transfer of the class teachers or schoolmasters,financial factors of schools and prejudice of people around these classes. 5. In many cases,the class teachers or schoolmasters played important roles to establish and to keep these classes. Special class of Masaki elementary school in Ehime prefecture belongs to these cases. 6. Very few of these classes limited their children as the mentally retarded. Children in the grater part of these classes were mere underachievers. 7. We found three schools for Japanese children which established special classes in the old Manchuria. There have never been any researches about these classes in this district. These schools were Daisekkyo,Dairen-Shorin,and Hoten-Chiyoda elementary school.
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