| Project/Area Number |
63580152
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
代謝生物化学
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| Research Institution | Osaka University (1989)
Kyoto University (1988) |
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Principal Investigator |
TANIZAWA Katsuyuki Osaka University, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Associate Professor, 産業科学研究所, 助教授 (20133134)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
ESAKI Nobuyoshi Kyoto University, Institute for Chemical Research, Associate Professor (50135597)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1988 – 1989
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1989)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000)
Fiscal Year 1989: ¥400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000)
Fiscal Year 1988: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000)
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| Keywords | Alanine racemase / Glutamate racemase / Racemization / Pyridoxal enzyme / Thermostable enzyme / Domain structure / ラセマーゼ / アラニン / グルタミン酸 / タンパク質構造 / 全一次構造 |
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| Research Abstract |
1. The following results have been obtained by the research on glutamate racemase. (1) Glutamate racemase has been purified from cell extracts of a lactic acid bacterium, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and its enzymological properties and reaction mechanism have been analyzed. The enzyme catalyzed an internal proton transfer under single turnover conditions with a deuterium-labeled substrate or deuterium oxide as the solvent. (2) The gene coding for glutamate racemase has been cloned into Escherichia coli. An efficient method was established for purification of the enzyme from the clone cell extracts. (3) A convenient procedure has been developed for the enantioselective synthesis of various D-amino acids by a multi-enzyme system including glutamate racemase and D-amino acid transaminase.
2. The following results have been obtained by the research on alanine racemase. (1) The structural gene coding for thermostable alanine racemase of a mesothermophilic bacterium, Bacillus stearothermophilus,
… More
has been cloned and expressed in E. coli. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity from cell extracts of E. coli carrying a plasmid designated pICR4. The alanine racemase gene sequenced was found to contain an open reading frame of 1158 nucleotides. The molecular weight of the enzyme subunit was estimated to be 43,341. (2) The alpha-helical and beta-structure contents were calculated to be about 34 and 26%, respectively, from CD data. CD measurements of the denaturation process of enzyme by guanidine hydrochloride showed the presence of a stable intermediate during the denaturation. It has been suggested that the enzyme subunit is composed of two structurally dissimilar domains connected by a short polypeptide. (3) A synthetic DNA fragment has been inserted into the alanine racemase gene at the position corresponding to the hinge region. The gene was expressed in E. coli to produce an active enzyme with a molecular structure similar to the wild-type enzyme. (4) Single crystals of alanine racemase were prepared by the polyethylene glycol vapor diffusion method. X-ray crystallographic analysis is currently in progress. Less
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