サル脊髄損傷モデルを用いた代償性神経回路再編メカニズムの解明

• Project Area: Mechanisms underlying the functional shift of brain neural circuitry for behavioral adaptation
• Project/Area Number: 15H01434
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Review Section: Biological Sciences
• Research Institution: Kyoto University
• Principal Investigator: 高田 昌彦 京都大学, 霊長類研究所, 教授 (00236233)
• Project Period (FY): 2015-04-01 – 2017-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2016)
• Budget Amount: ¥16,510,000 (Direct Cost: ¥12,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,810,000); Fiscal Year 2016: ¥8,190,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,890,000); Fiscal Year 2015: ¥8,320,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,920,000)
• Keywords: 脊髄損傷 / 皮質脊髄路 / 機能回復 / 神経回路再編 / 霊長類

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

本研究では、脊髄損傷後の機能回復と神経回路再編のメカニズムを明らかにするため、解剖学的および生理学的にヒトに近縁のマカクザルを用いて、脊髄損傷後に起こる皮質脊髄路の代償性変化を同定し、運動機能回復との相関を解析することを目的としている。平成28年度は、研究実施計画に記載した（１）サル脊髄損傷モデルの作製、（２）脊髄損傷後の運動機能の解析、（３）脊髄における代償性神経回路の形成様式の解析、（４）代償性神経回路の機能回復への寄与の検証の４つを完了し、以下のとおり得られた実験データをまとめて原著論文を作成し、現在、国際誌に投稿中である。また、研究計画（５）「大脳皮質における代償性神経回路の形成様式の解析」についても、現在、脊髄損傷モデルを作製し、逆行性ニューロンラベルをおこなう準備を進めている。
（１）サル脊髄損傷モデルの作製：マカクザルを用いて、頸髄下部（C7/8レベル）において片側2/3（内側部を除く）を傷害した脊髄損傷モデルを作製した。
（２）脊髄損傷後の運動機能の解析：脊髄損傷後、自然経過に伴う運動機能の回復過程を、手指の巧緻運動能力を定量的に評価した。
（３）脊髄における代償性神経回路の形成様式の解析：運動機能の回復がみられた後、脊髄において代償性の皮質脊髄路がどのように再編しているかを明らかにするため、皮質脊髄路線維の脊髄内再分布様式を順行性神経トレーシングにより解析した。その結果、皮質脊髄路線維のうち運動ニューロンが分布する9層に分布する割合が、対照群に比べて顕著に増大していることがわかった。
（４）代償性神経回路の機能回復への寄与の検証：脊髄損傷側と反対側の一次運動野の手指領域を皮質内微小刺激によって刺激し、運動が惹起されることを確認した後、同定した領域にmuscimolを注入し、運動機能の解析をおこなった。その結果、手指運動が麻痺することが確認された。

Research Progress Status

28年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

28年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Visuomotor signals for reaching movements in the rostro-dorsal sector of the monkey thalamic reticular nucleus. (2017)
  • Author(s): Saga Y, Nakayama Y, Inoue K, Yamagata T, Hashimoto M, Tremblay L, Takada M, Hoshi E
  • Journal Title: Eur J Neurosci Volume: 印刷中 Issue: 9 Pages: 1186-1199
  • DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13421
  • NAID: 120006305932
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The use of an optimized chimeric envelope glycoprotein enhances the efficiency of retrograde gene transfer of a pseudotyped lentiviral vector in the primate brain. (2017)
  • Author(s): Tanabe S, Inoue K, Tsuge H, Uezono S, Nagaya K, Fijiwara M, Kato S, Kobayashi K, Takada M
  • Journal Title: Neurosci Res Volume: 印刷中 Pages: 45-52
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.02.007
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Propagated but Topologically Distributed Forebrain Neurons Expressing Alpha-Synuclein in Aged Macaque. (2016)
  • Author(s): Kimura K,Inoue K, Kuroiwa Y, Tanaka F, Takada M
  • Journal Title: PLoS ONE Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: e0166861-e0166861
  • DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166861
  • NAID: 120005954462
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] PET imaging-guided chemogenetic silencing reveals a critical role of primate rostromedial caudate in reward evaluation. (2016)
  • Author(s): Nagai Y, Kikuchi E, Lerchner W, Inoue Ki, Ji B, Eldridge MA, Kaneko H, Kimura Y, Oh-Nishi A, Hori Y, Kato Y, Hirabayashi T, Fujimoto A, Kumata K, Zhang MR, Aoki I, SuharaT, Higuchi M, Takada M, Richmond BJ, Minamimoto T.
  • Journal Title: Nature Communications Volume: 7 Issue: 1 Pages: 13605-13605
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13605
  • NAID: 120005898960
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Using a novel PV-Cre rat model to characterize pallidonigral cells and their terminations. (2016)
  • Author(s): Oh Y-M, Karube F, Takahashi S, Kobayashi K, Takada M, Uchigashima M, Watanabe M, Nishizawa K, Kobayashi K, *Fujiyama F
  • Journal Title: Brain Struct Funct Volume: 印刷中 Issue: 5 Pages: 2359-2378
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1346-2
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Origins of multisynaptic projections from the basal ganglia to the forelimb region of the ventral premotor cortex in macaque monkeys. (2016)
  • Author(s): Ishida H, Inoue K, Takada M, Hoshi E
  • Journal Title: Eur J Neurosci Volume: 43 Issue: 2 Pages: 258-269
  • DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13127
  • NAID: 120005997650
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] A primary role for nucleus accumbens and related limbic network in vocal tics. (2016)
  • Author(s): McCairn KW, Nagai Y, Hori Y, Ninomiya T, Kikuchi E, Lee J-Y, Suhara T, Iriki A, Minamimoto T, Takada M, Isoda M, Matsumoto M
  • Journal Title: Neuron Volume: 89 Issue: 2 Pages: 300-307
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.025
  • NAID: 120005997652
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Generation of resonance-dependent oscillation by mGluR-I activation switches single spiking to bursting in mesencephalic trigeminal sensory neurons (2015)
  • Author(s): Chung, G., Saito, M., Kawasaki, Y., Kawano, T., Yin, D., Lee, S., Kogo, M., Takada, M., Bae, Y., Oh, S.B & Kang, Y.
  • Journal Title: European Journal of Neuroscience Volume: 41 Issue: 8 Pages: 998-1012
  • DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12858
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Reorganization of corticospinal tract fibers after spinal cord injury in adult macaques. (2015)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa H, Ninomiya T, Yamashita T, Takada M
  • Journal Title: Sci Rep Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Pages: 11986-11986
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep11986
  • NAID: 120005758238
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Neuronal and behavioral modulations by pathway-selective optogenetic stimulation of the primate oculomotor system. (2015)
  • Author(s): Inoue K, Takada M, Matsumoto M
  • Journal Title: Nat Commun Volume: 6 Issue: 1 Pages: 8378-8378
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9378
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Roles of the Lateral Habenula and Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Negative Outcome Monitoring and Behavioral Adjustment in Nonhuman Primates. (2015)
  • Author(s): Kawai, T., Yamada, H., Sato, N., Takada, M., & Matsumoto, M.
  • Journal Title: Neuron Volume: 88 Issue: 4 Pages: 792-804
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.030
  • NAID: 120005997651
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Distributions of glutamatergic, GABAergic, and glycinergic neurons in the auditory pathways of macaque monkeys. (2015)
  • Author(s): Ito T, Inoue K, Takada M
  • Journal Title: Neuroscience Volume: 310 Pages: 128-151
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.041
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Presentation] Prevention of MPTP-induced parkinsonism by recruitment of calbindin into nigral dopamine neurons. (2017)
  • Author(s): Inoue K, Miyachi S, Nishi K, Okado H, Nagai Y, Minamimoto T, Nambu A, Takada M
  • Organizer: the 12th International Basal Ganglia Society Meeting ; IBAGS 2017.
  • Place of Presentation: Merida、Mexico
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 都医学研セミナー (2016)
  • Author(s): 高田昌彦
  • Organizer: ウイルスベクターを用いた外来遺伝子導入による疾患モデル霊長類の開発
  • Place of Presentation: 東京都医学総合研究所（東京都世田谷区）
  • Year and Date: 2016-03-18
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Neuronal and behavioral modulations by pathway-selective optogenetic stimulation of the primate oculomotor system (2016)
  • Author(s): Inoue K, Takada M, Matsumoto M
  • Organizer: International Symposium on Adaptive Circuit Shift 2016
  • Place of Presentation: 同志社大学(京都府京都市）
  • Year and Date: 2016-03-03
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Reorganization of corticospinal tract fibers in a primate model for spinal cord injury (2016)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa H, Yamashita T, Takada M
  • Organizer: International Symposium on Adaptive Circuit Shift 2016
  • Place of Presentation: 同志社大学(京都府京都市）
  • Year and Date: 2016-03-03
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] ウイルスベクターを用いた霊長類脳への外来遺伝子導入法とその応用 (2016)
  • Author(s): 高田昌彦
  • Organizer: 新潟大学脳研究所-生理研合同シンポジウム
  • Place of Presentation: 自然科学研究機構(愛知県岡崎市）
  • Year and Date: 2016-03-01
• [Presentation] 大脳基底核の出力系、特に脳幹への下降性出力の構築様式と機能的意義 (2016)
  • Author(s): 高田昌彦
  • Organizer: 第14回ジストニア研究会
  • Place of Presentation: 学士会館（東京都千代田区）
  • Year and Date: 2016-01-17
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Motivation center in the ventral midbrain directly activates the descending motor pathways via the primary motor cortex. (2016)
  • Author(s): Suzuki M, Inoue K, Nakagawa H, Takada M, Isa T, Nishimura Y
  • Organizer: 第39回日本神経科学大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜(神奈川県・横浜市）
• [Presentation] Origin of multisynaptic projections from the amygdala to the forelimb region of the ventral premotor cortex in macaque monkeys. (2016)
  • Author(s): Ishida M, Inoue K, Takada M, Hoshi E
  • Organizer: 第39回日本神経科学大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜(神奈川県・横浜市）
• [Presentation] Investigations of spontaneously naturally emerging parkinsonism-cerebellar syndromein an aged Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata yakui): a potential analogue of multiplesystem atrophy. (2016)
  • Author(s): K.W. McCairn, Ninomiya T, Nagai Y, Go Y, Inoue K, Kimura K, Matsumoto M, Minamimoto M, Isoda M, Takada M
  • Organizer: 第39回日本神経科学大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜(神奈川県・横浜市）
• [Presentation] Comparison of efficiency of retrograde gene transfer between lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with FuG-E and FuG-B2 glycoprotein in primate brains: Cortical input system. (2016)
  • Author(s): Tsuge H, Uezono S, Tanabe S, Fujiwara M, Nagaya K, Sugawara M, Miwa M, Konoike N, Kato S, Nakamura K, Kobayashi K, Inoue K, Takada M
  • Organizer: 第39回日本神経科学大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜(神奈川県・横浜市）
• [Presentation] Comparison of the efficiency of retrograde gene transfer between lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with FuG-E and FuG-B2 glycoprotein in primate brains: Striatal input system. (2016)
  • Author(s): Tanabe S, Uezono S, Tsuge H, Fujiwara M, Nagaya K, Sugawara M, Miwa M, Konoike N, Kato S, Nakamura K, Kobayashi K, Inoue K,
  • Organizer: 第39回日本神経科学大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜(神奈川県・横浜市）
• [Presentation] Use of an optimized chimeric envelope glycoprotein for enhancement of the efficiency of retrograde gene transfer of a pseudotyped lentiviral vector in the primate brain. (2016)
  • Author(s): Inoue K, Tanabe S, Tsuge H, Ueno T, Nagaya K, Fujiwara M, Sugawara M, Kato S, Kobayashi K, Takada M
  • Organizer: 第39回日本神経科学大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜(神奈川県・横浜市）
• [Presentation] In vivo electrophysiological evaluation of chanelrhodopsin-2-expressed dorsal root ganglion neurons in adults rats. (2016)
  • Author(s): Seki K, S Wupuer, Umeda T, Inoue K, Kudo M, Takada M
  • Organizer: 第39回日本神経科学大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜(神奈川県・横浜市）
• [Presentation] Differential adeno-associated virus mediated gene transfer to dorsal root ganglion neurons with different size in common marmosets. (2016)
  • Author(s): Kudo M, S Wupuer, Inoue K, Takada M, Seki K
  • Organizer: 第39回日本神経科学大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜(神奈川県・横浜市）
• [Presentation] αシヌクレイン過剰発現によるパーキンソン病霊長類モデルの開発 (2016)
  • Author(s): 高田昌彦
  • Organizer: 第2回α-Synuclein研究会
  • Place of Presentation: 大阪万博公園 迎賓館(大阪府・吹田市）
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Multisynaptic projections from the basal nucleus of the amygdala to the ventral premotor cortex in macaque monkeys. (2016)
  • Author(s): Ishida H, Inoue K, Takada M, Hoshi E
  • Organizer: Neuroscience 2016
  • Place of Presentation: Sun Diego、USA
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Nigrostriatal signal inhibits saccadic eye movement during countermanding task in monkeys. (2016)
  • Author(s): Ogasawara T, Takada M, Matsumoto M
  • Organizer: Neuroscience 2016
  • Place of Presentation: Sun Diego、USA
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Prominent phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling between alpha and gamma oscillations underlies motor-tic encoding in cerebro-basal ganglia-cerebellar networks. (2016)
  • Author(s): Ninomiya T, Nagai Y, Suhara T, Minamimoto T, Takada M, Matsumoto M, Isoda M, K.W.McCairn
  • Organizer: Neuroscience 2016
  • Place of Presentation: Sun Diego、USA
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Use of an optimized chimeric envelope glycoprotein enhances the efficiency of retrograde gene transfer of a pseudotyped lentiviral vector in the primate brain. (2016)
  • Author(s): Fujiwara M, Tanabe S, Tsuge H, Uezono S, Nagaya K, Sugawara M, Kato S, Kobayashi K, Inoue K, Takada M
  • Organizer: Neuroscience 2016
  • Place of Presentation: Sun Diego、USA
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Protection against parkinsonism by calbindin recruitment into nigral dopamine neurons. (2016)
  • Author(s): Takada M
  • Organizer: Mini Symposium on Non-Human Primate Biology
  • Place of Presentation: Shanghai、China
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] 神経回路研究の変遷と今後の霊長類研究 (2015)
  • Author(s): 高田昌彦
  • Organizer: 生理研研究会2015「行動システム脳科学の新展開」
  • Place of Presentation: 生理学研究所(愛知県岡崎市）
  • Year and Date: 2015-12-04
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 遺伝子変異に基づく精神・神経疾患霊長類モデルの開発に向けて (2015)
  • Author(s): 高田昌彦
  • Organizer: 第6回脳表現型の分子メカニズム研究会、第10回IGC、第6回COCORO合同会議
  • Place of Presentation: コンベンションルームAP品川アネックス（東京都港区）
  • Year and Date: 2015-11-15
• [Presentation] Development in a novel maze-task device for macaques to explore the neural mechanisms underlying motor skill learning. (2015)
  • Author(s): Yasukochi R, Inoue K, Takada M
  • Organizer: Neuroscience 2015
  • Place of Presentation: シカゴ（USA）
  • Year and Date: 2015-10-21
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Outcome monitoring and behavioral adjustment by putative pyramidal neurons and interneurons in the primate anterior cingulate cortex during a reversal learning task. (2015)
  • Author(s): Kawai T, Yamada H, Sato N, Takada M, Matsumoto M
  • Organizer: Neuroscience 2015
  • Place of Presentation: シカゴ（USA）
  • Year and Date: 2015-10-20
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Spontaneously emerging Parkinsonism-cerebellar syndrome in a subspecies of japanese macaque (macaca fuscata yakui): a potential analogue of multiple system atrophy. (2015)
  • Author(s): K.W.McCairn, Nagai Y, Kimura K, Go Y, Inoue K, Isoda M, Minamimoto T, Matsumoto M, Ninomiya T, Takada M
  • Organizer: Neuroscience 2015
  • Place of Presentation: シカゴ（USA）
  • Year and Date: 2015-10-19
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The pattern of reinnervation of sprouting corticospinal tract fibers after spinal cord injury in macaques. (2015)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa H, Ninomiya T, Yamashita T, Takada M
  • Organizer: Neuroscience 2015
  • Place of Presentation: シカゴ（USA）
  • Year and Date: 2015-10-19
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Layer-specific inputs from the supplementary motor area and the dorsal premotor cortex to the primary motor cortex in macaques. (2015)
  • Author(s): Ninomiya T, Hoshi E, Takada M
  • Organizer: Neuroscience 2015
  • Place of Presentation: シカゴ（USA）
  • Year and Date: 2015-10-19
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Optogenetic stimulation of the pathway from the frontal eye field to the superior colliculus evokes neuronal and behavioral modulations in monkeys. (2015)
  • Author(s): Inoue K, Takada M, Matsumoto M
  • Organizer: Neuroscience 2015
  • Place of Presentation: シカゴ（USA）
  • Year and Date: 2015-10-19
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Midbrain dopamine neurons signal whether planned eye movements are successfully (2015)
  • Author(s): Ogasawara T, Takada M, Matsumoto M
  • Organizer: Neuroscience 2015
  • Place of Presentation: シカゴ（USA）
  • Year and Date: 2015-10-18
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Recruitment of calbindin into nigral dopaminergic neurons prevents from MPTP-induced parkinsonism. (2015)
  • Author(s): Takada M, Inoue K, Miyachi S
  • Organizer: 2nd World Congress on NeuroTherapeutics
  • Place of Presentation: Prague（Czech Republic）
  • Year and Date: 2015-09-03
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Origins of multisynaptic projections from the basal ganglia to the ventral premotor cortex in macaque monkeys. (2015)
  • Author(s): Ishida H, Inoue K, Takada M, Hoshi E
  • Organizer: 第38回日本神経科学大会
  • Place of Presentation: 神戸国際会議場(兵庫県神戸市）
  • Year and Date: 2015-07-30
• [Presentation] Abnormal information flow through the cortico-basal ganglia circuits in MPTP-treated parkinsonian monkeys. (2015)
  • Author(s): Chiken S, Takada M, Nambu A
  • Organizer: 第38回日本神経科学大会
  • Place of Presentation: 神戸国際会議場(兵庫県神戸市）
  • Year and Date: 2015-07-30
• [Presentation] A comparative analysis of vocal and myoclonic tics in a monkey model of Tourette syndrome: a PET and electrophysiological study. (2015)
  • Author(s): K.W.MacCairn, Nagai Y, Hori Y, Kikuchi W, Auhara T, Minamimoto T, Iriki A, Takada M, Isoda M, Matsumoto M
  • Organizer: 第38回日本神経科学大会
  • Place of Presentation: 神戸国際会議場(兵庫県神戸市）
  • Year and Date: 2015-07-30
• [Presentation] Development of a novel device for elucidating the neural mechanisms of motor skill learning in macaques. (2015)
  • Author(s): Yasukochi R, Inoue K, Takada M
  • Organizer: 第38回日本神経科学大会
  • Place of Presentation: 神戸国際会議場(兵庫県神戸市）
  • Year and Date: 2015-07-29
• [Presentation] Reinnervation of corticospinal tract fibers after spinal cord injury in macaques. (2015)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa H, Ninomiya T, Yamashita T, Takada M
  • Organizer: 第38回日本神経科学大会
  • Place of Presentation: 神戸国際会議場(兵庫県神戸市）
  • Year and Date: 2015-07-29
• [Presentation] Oculomotor manipulations by pathway-selective optogenetics in nonhuman primates. (2015)
  • Author(s): Inoue K, Fujiwara M, Yasukochi R, Nagaya K, Takada M
  • Organizer: 第38回日本神経科学大会
  • Place of Presentation: 神戸国際会議場(兵庫県神戸市）
  • Year and Date: 2015-07-29
• [Presentation] Role of dopamine signals in response inhibition. (2015)
  • Author(s): Ogasawara T, Takada M, Matsumoto M
  • Organizer: 第38回日本神経科学大会
  • Place of Presentation: 神戸国際会議場(兵庫県神戸市）
  • Year and Date: 2015-07-28
• [Presentation] Protection against MPTP-induced parkinsonianinsults by calbindin recruitment into nigrostriatal dopamine neurons using recombinant viral vectors. (2015)
  • Author(s): 高田昌彦
  • Organizer: 第21回日本遺伝子治療学会学術集会
  • Place of Presentation: 大阪国際会議場（大阪府大阪市）
  • Year and Date: 2015-07-26
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Reorganization of corticospinal tract fibers after spinal cord injury in macaques (2015)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa H，Ninomiya T，Yamashita T，Takada M
  • Organizer: 第50回日本理学療法学術大会
  • Place of Presentation: 東京国際フォーラム（東京千代田区）
  • Year and Date: 2015-06-05
• [Book] Gene Therapy for Neurological Disorders: Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1382 (Manfredsson FP, ed) (2016)
  • Author(s): Kobayashi K, Kato S, Inoue K, Takada M, Kobayashi K
  • Total Pages: 493
  • Publisher: Springer
• [Book] 生体の科学「特集 脳と心の謎はどこまで解けたか」 (2015)
  • Author(s): 川合隆嗣、山田洋、佐藤暢哉、高田昌彦、松本正幸
  • Total Pages: 130
  • Publisher: 医学書院
• [Book] Clinical Neuroscience「メインテーマ 脳の見える化─構造編 伝導路を見る」 (2015)
  • Author(s): 高田昌彦
  • Total Pages: 130
  • Publisher: 中外医学社
• [Book] 脳神経外科診療プラクティス６「脳神経外科医が知っておくべきニューロサイエンスの知識」 (2015)
  • Author(s): 高田昌彦
  • Total Pages: 236
  • Publisher: 文光堂
• [Remarks] 京都大学霊長類研究所 統合脳システム分野 ホームページ
  • URL: http://www.pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/sections/systems_neuroscience/index.html
• [Remarks] 京都大学霊長類研究所統合脳システム分野 ホームページ
  • URL: http://www.pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/sections/systems_neuroscience/index.html