Identification and physiological function of bioactive factors regulate activity of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus

• Project Area: Creation and Promotion of the Will-Dynamics
• Project/Area Number: 19H05016
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Review Section: Complex systems
• Research Institution: Nagoya University
• Principal Investigator: 山中 章弘 名古屋大学, 環境医学研究所, 教授 (60323292)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2021-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2020)
• Budget Amount: ¥7,540,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,740,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000)
• Keywords: ノルアドレナリン神経 / カルシウムイメージング / 生理活性物質 / 睡眠覚醒 / ストレス応答 / 光遺伝学 / 化学遺伝学 / 青斑核 / ノルアドレナリン / プロスタグランジン / EP3受容体 / yellowcameleon / カルシウムインジケーター

Outline of Research at the Start

青斑核ノルアドレナリン神経（LC-NA神経）は、様々な生理機能に関わっているが、特に動機などの意志力生成において極めて重要な役割を担っている。本研究では、独自に同定したLC-NA神経活動を制御する4因子の作用メカニズム、意志力形成における役割について明らかにし、その応用による意志力の制御を試みる。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

脳幹部に存在する青斑核は、ノルアドレナリン神経(LC-NA神経)の起始核であり、脳の広範囲に軸索を投射してノルアドレナリンだけでなく、ドーパミンも遊離している。LC-NA神経の活動は、睡眠覚醒と高い相関があるが、ストレス、疼痛反応など幅広い生理機能にも関わっており、特に動機などの意志力生成において極めて重要な役割を担っている。そこで、LC-NA神経活動を制御する生理活性物質の同定のために、カルシウムインジケータを特定神経細胞に発現させた遺伝子改変動物を作成し、脳スライス標本を用いたカルシウムイメージングによって、特定神経活動を制御する生理活性物質のスクリーニングを行う実験系を開発した。その結果、LC-NA神経は、プロスタグランジンE2(PGE2)によって持続的に細胞内カルシウム濃度が低下することを見いだした。PGE2は4種類の受容体EP1-4に作用するため、どの受容体が長時間の細胞内カルシウム濃度低下に関わっているのかについて、選択的拮抗薬を用いた解析を行ったところ、EP3Rが関わっていることが明らかになった。さらに、これを確認するために、ノルアドレナリン神経だけでCreリコンビナーゼを発現するNAT-Creマウスと、Cre依存的にEP3Rを欠損するEP3Rfloxマウスとを交配させて、LC-NA神経だけでEP3Rを欠損するコンディショナルノックアウトマウス(cKO)マウスを作成した。このマウスではPGE2によって、長時間の細胞内カルシウム濃度低下が全く見られないことが確認できた。さらに、このPGE2による長時間の細胞内カルシウム濃度低下の生理的役割について明らかにするために、cKOマウスにおいて、様々なストレス負荷を行い、ストレス応答について検討を行っている。

Research Progress Status

令和2年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

令和2年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Hypothalamic perifornical Urocortin-3 neurons modulate defensive responses to a potential threat stimulus (2021)
  • Author(s): Horii-Hayashi Noriko、Nomoto Kensaku、Endo Nozomi、Yamanaka Akihiro、Kikusui Takefumi、Nishi Mayumi
  • Journal Title: iScience Volume: 24 Issue: 1 Pages: 101908-101908
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101908
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Direct evidence that the brain reward system is involved in the control of scratching behaviors induced by acute and chronic itch (2021)
  • Author(s): Setsu T, Hamada Y, Oikawa D, Mori T, Ishiuji Y, Sato D, Narita M, Miyazaki S, Furuta E, Suda Y, Sakai H, Ochiya T, Tezuka H, Iseki M, Inada E, Yamanaka A, Kuzumaki N, Narita M.
  • Journal Title: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Volume: 534 Pages: 624-631
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.030
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Involvement of MCH-oxytocin neural relay within the hypothalamus in murine nursing behavior (2021)
  • Author(s): Kato Yoko、Katsumata Harumi、Inutsuka Ayumu、Yamanaka Akihiro、Onaka Tatsushi、Minami Shiro、Orikasa Chitose
  • Journal Title: Scientific Reports Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-12
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82773-5
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] The impacts of age and sex in a mouse model of childhood narcolepsy. (2021)
  • Author(s): Coffey AA, Joyal AA, Yamanaka A, *Scammell TE.
  • Journal Title: Front Neurosci Volume: 15 Pages: 644757-644757
  • DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.644757
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Involvement of A13 dopaminergic neurons located in the zona incerta in nociceptive processing: a fiber photometry study (2020)
  • Author(s): Shunpei Moriya, Akira Yamashita, Daiki Masukawa, Honami Setoyama, Yunsu Hwang, Akihiro Yamanaka, Tomoyuki Kuwaki
  • Journal Title: Molecular Brain Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 1415-1416
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00600-w
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Dual Orexin and MCH neuron-ablated mice display severe sleep attacks and cataplexy. (2020)
  • Author(s): Hung, J.C., Ono, D., Kilduff, S.T., and Yamanaka, A.
  • Journal Title: eLife Volume: なし Pages: 9-9
  • DOI: 10.7554/elife.54275
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Orexin signaling in GABAergic lateral habenula neurons modulates aggressive behavior in male mice (2020)
  • Author(s): Flanigan ME, Aleyasin H, Li L, Burnett CJ, Chan KL, LeClair KB, Lucas EK, Matikainen-Ankney B, Cuttoli RD, Takahashi A, Menard C, Pfau ML, Golden SA, Bouchard S, Calipari ES, Nestler EJ, DiLeone RJ, Yamanaka A, Huntley GW, Clem RL, Russo SJ
  • Journal Title: Nature Neuroscience Volume: - Issue: 5 Pages: 638-650
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0617-7
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] VGLUT2-expressing neurons in the vestibular nuclear complex mediate gravitational stress-induced hypothermia in mice (2020)
  • Author(s): Abe C, Yamaoka Y, Maejima Y, Mikami T, Yokota S, Yamanaka A, Morita H
  • Journal Title: Communications Biology Volume: 227 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-13
  • DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0950-0
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Opposing Ventral Striatal Medium Spiny Neuron Activities Shaped by Striatal Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons during Goal-Directed Behaviors. (2020)
  • Author(s): Yoshida K, Tsutsui-Kimura I, Kono A, Yamanaka A, Kobayashi K, Watanabe M, Mimura M, *Tanaka KF.
  • Journal Title: Cell Rep Volume: 31 Issue: 13 Pages: 107829-107829
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107829
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Green-Sensitive, Long-Lived, Step-Functional Anion Channelrhodopsin-2 Variant as a High-Potential Neural Silencing Tool (2020)
  • Author(s): Kojima Keiichi、Miyoshi Natsuki、Shibukawa Atsushi、Chowdhury Srikanta、Tsujimura Masaki、Noji Tomoyasu、Ishikita Hiroshi、Yamanaka Akihiro、Sudo Yuki
  • Journal Title: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters Volume: 11 Issue: 15 Pages: 6214-6218
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01406
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Identification of substances which regulate activity of corticotropin-releasing factor-producing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. (2020)
  • Author(s): Mukai Y, Nagayama A, Itoi K, *Yamanaka A.
  • Journal Title: Sci Rep Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 13639-13639
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70481-5
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] The mammalian circadian pacemaker regulates wakefulness via CRF neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. (2020)
  • Author(s): *Ono D, Mukai Y, Hung CJ, Chowdhury S, Sugiyama T, *Yamanaka A.
  • Journal Title: Sci Adv Volume: 6(45) Issue: 45 Pages: 0384-0384
  • DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd0384
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Serotonergic projections to the orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices differentially modulate waiting for future rewards (2020)
  • Author(s): Miyazaki K, Miyazaki KW, Sivori G, Yamanaka A, Tanaka KF, Doya K
  • Journal Title: Science Advances Volume: 6 Issue: 48 Pages: 7246-7246
  • DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7246
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Animal Models of Narcolepsy and the Hypocretin/Orexin System: Past, Present, and Future. (2020)
  • Author(s): Tisdale RK, Yamanaka A, *Kilduff TS.
  • Journal Title: Sleep Volume: - Issue: 6
  • DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa278
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Accumbal D2R-medium spiny neurons regulate aversive behaviors through PKA-Rap1 pathway. (2020)
  • Author(s): Lin, Y-H., Yamahashi, Y., Kuroda, K., Faruk M. O., Zhang, X., Yamada, K., Yamanaka, A., Nagai, T., Kaibuchi, K.
  • Journal Title: Neurocham. Int. Volume: 143 Pages: 104935-104935
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104935
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Different roles of distinct serotonergic pathways in anxiety-like behavior, antidepressant-like, and anti-impulsive effects (2020)
  • Author(s): Ohmura Yu、Tsutsui-Kimura Iku、Sasamori Hitomi、Nebuka Mao、Nishitani Naoya、Tanaka Kenji F.、Yamanaka Akihiro、Yoshioka Mitsuhiro
  • Journal Title: Neuropharmacology Volume: 167 Pages: 107703-107703
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107703
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Acute restraint stress augments the rewarding memory of cocaine through activation of α1 adrenoceptors in the medial prefrontal cortex of mice. (2020)
  • Author(s): Wada, S., Yanagida, J., Sasase, H., Zhang, T., Li, X., Kamii, H., Domoto, M., Deyama, S., Hinoi, E., Yamanaka, A., Nishitani, N., Nagayasu, K., Kaneko, S., Minami, M., Kaneda, K.
  • Journal Title: Neuropharmacology Volume: 166 Pages: 107968-107968
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107968
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Involvement of supralemniscal nucleus (B9) 5-HT neuronal system in nociceptive processing: a fiber photometry study (2020)
  • Author(s): Moriya Shunpei、Yamashita Akira、Masukawa Daiki、Kambe Yuki、Sakaguchi Junichi、Setoyama Honami、Yamanaka Akihiro、Kuwaki Tomoyuki
  • Journal Title: Molecular Brain Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 14-14
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-0553-1
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Light-induced silencing of neural activity in Rosa26 knock-in and BAC transgenic mice conditionally expressing the microbial halorhodopsin eNpHR3. (2020)
  • Author(s): Imayoshi I, Tabuchi S, Matsumoto M, Kitano S, Miyachi H, Kageyama R, Yamanaka A
  • Journal Title: Sci Rep Volume: 10(1) Issue: 1 Pages: 3191-3191
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59984-3
  • NAID: 120006878490
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Behavioral characteristics of 5-HT2C receptor knockout mice: Locomotor activity, anxiety-, and fear memory-related behaviors (2020)
  • Author(s): Nebuka Mao、Ohmura Yu、Izawa Shuntaro、Bouchekioua Youcef、Nishitani Naoya、Yoshida Takayuki、Yoshioka Mitsuhiro
  • Journal Title: Behavioural Brain Research Volume: 379 Pages: 112394-112394
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112394
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Role of Dorsal Raphe Serotonin Neurons in the Balance between Reward and Aversion (2020)
  • Author(s): Nagai Yuma、Takayama Kaito、Nishitani Naoya、Andoh Chihiro、Koda Masashi、Shirakawa Hisashi、Nakagawa Takayuki、Nagayasu Kazuki、Yamanaka Akihiro、Kaneko Shuji
  • Journal Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences Volume: 21 Issue: 6 Pages: 2160-2160
  • DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062160
  • NAID: 120006826701
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area regulate non-rapid eye movement sleep in mice (2019)
  • Author(s): Chowdhury Srikanta、Matsubara Takanori、Miyazaki Toh、Ono Daisuke、Fukatsu Noriaki、Abe Manabu、Sakimura Kenji、Sudo Yuki、Yamanaka Akihiro
  • Journal Title: eLife Volume: 8
  • DOI: 10.7554/elife.44928
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Dissociating orexin-dependent and -independent functions of orexin neurons using novel Orexin-Flp knock-in mice (2019)
  • Author(s): Chowdhury Srikanta、Hung Chi Jung、Izawa Shuntaro、Inutsuka Ayumu、Kawamura Meiko、Kawashima Takashi、Bito Haruhiko、Imayoshi Itaru、Abe Manabu、Sakimura Kenji、Yamanaka Akihiro
  • Journal Title: eLife Volume: 8 Pages: 1-25
  • DOI: 10.7554/elife.44927
  • NAID: 120006888021
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Acute nociceptive stimuli rapidly induce the activity of serotonin and noradrenalin neurons in the brain stem of awake mice (2019)
  • Author(s): Moriya Shunpei、Yamashita Akira、Nishi Ryusei、Ikoma Yoko、Yamanaka Akihiro、Kuwaki Tomoyuki
  • Journal Title: IBRO Reports Volume: 7 Pages: 1-9
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.05.005
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] CRISPR/Cas9-mediated in vivo gene editing reveals that neuronal 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus contribute to body temperature regulation in mice (2019)
  • Author(s): Nishitani Naoya、Ohmura Yu、Nagayasu Kazuki、Shibui Norihiro、Kaneko Shuji、Ohashi Akiko、Yoshida Takayuki、Yamanaka Akihiro、Yoshioka Mitsuhiro
  • Journal Title: Brain Research Volume: 1719 Pages: 243-252
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.06.009
  • NAID: 120006885155
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Quantitation of the neural silencing activity of anion channelrhodopsins in Caenorhabditis elegans and their applicability for long-term illumination (2019)
  • Author(s): Yamanashi T, Maki M, Kojima K, Shibukawa A, Tsukamoto T, Chowdhury S, Yamanaka A, Takagi S, Sudo Y
  • Journal Title: Sci. Rep. Volume: 9(1) Issue: 1 Pages: 7863-7863
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44308-x
  • NAID: 120006733902
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] GABA in the suprachiasmatic nucleus refines circadian output rhythms in mice. (2019)
  • Author(s): Ono D, Honma KI, Yanagawa Y, Yamanaka A, Honma S
  • Journal Title: Commun Biol. Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Pages: 232-232
  • DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0483-6
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Thin‐fibre receptors expressing acid‐sensing ion channel 3 contribute to muscular mechanical hypersensitivity after exercise (2019)
  • Author(s): Matsubara Takanori、Hayashi Koei、Wakatsuki Koji、Abe Masahiro、Ozaki Noriyuki、Yamanaka Akihiro、Mizumura Kazue、Taguchi Toru
  • Journal Title: European Journal of Pain Volume: 23 Issue: 10 Pages: 1801-1813
  • DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1454
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] REM sleep?active MCH neurons are involved in forgetting hippocampus-dependent memories (2019)
  • Author(s): Izawa Shuntaro、Chowdhury Srikanta、Miyazaki Toh、Mukai Yasutaka、Ono Daisuke、Inoue Ryo、Ohmura Yu、Mizoguchi Hiroyuki、Kimura Kazuhiro、Yoshioka Mitsuhiro、Terao Akira、Kilduff Thomas S.、Yamanaka Akihiro
  • Journal Title: Science Volume: 365 Issue: 6459 Pages: 1308-1313
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.aax9238
  • NAID: 120006777541
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Transgenic Archaerhodopsin-3 Expression in Hypocretin/Orexin Neurons Engenders Cellular Dysfunction and Features of Type 2 Narcolepsy. (2019)
  • Author(s): Williams RH, Tsunematsu T, Thomas AM, Bogyo K, Yamanaka A*, Kilduff TS*.
  • Journal Title: J Neurosci Volume: 39(47) Issue: 47 Pages: 9435-9452
  • DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0311-19.2019
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Mechanical allodynia induced by optogenetic sensory nerve excitation activates dopamine signaling and metabolism in medial nucleus accumbens. (2019)
  • Author(s): Sugiyama E, Kondo T, Kuzumaki N, Honda K, Yamanaka A, Narita M, Suematsu M, Sugiura Y.
  • Journal Title: Neurochem Int Volume: 129 Pages: 104494-104494
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104494
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Glutamatergic neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex mediate the formation and retrieval of cocaine-associated memories in mice (2019)
  • Author(s): Zhang Tong、Yanagida Junko、Kamii Hironori、Wada Shintaro、Domoto Masaki、Sasase Hitoki、Deyama Satoshi、Takarada Takeshi、Hinoi Eiichi、Sakimura Kenji、Yamanaka Akihiro、Maejima Takashi、Mieda Michihiro、Sakurai Takeshi、Nishitani Naoya、Nagayasu Kazuki、Kaneko Shuji、Minami Masabumi、Kaneda Katsuyuki
  • Journal Title: Addiction Biology Volume: 印刷中 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-11
  • DOI: 10.1111/adb.12723
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Presentation] ナルコレプシーモデルマウスを用いた症状発現メカニズムの解明. (2021)
  • Author(s): 山中章弘
  • Organizer: 第30回日本臨床精神神経薬理学会学術集会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 睡眠、概日リズムの神経制御メカニズム. (2021)
  • Author(s): 山中章弘
  • Organizer: 脳とこころの研究センター ウインタースクール
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 視床下部神経細胞による睡眠覚醒調節機構. (2021)
  • Author(s): 山中章弘
  • Organizer: 第98回日本生理学会大会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] The role of melanin concentrating hormone-producing neurons in the regulation of sleep and memory. (2020)
  • Author(s): Yamanaka A
  • Organizer: 25th Congress of the European Sleep Research Society
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Regulation of sleep and memory by the hypothalamic neurons. (2020)
  • Author(s): Yamanaka A
  • Organizer: Molecular Cellular Cognition Society (MCCS)
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Identification of neural pathway which converts circadian rhythm to sleep/wakefulness. (2020)
  • Author(s): Yamanaka A
  • Organizer: 2020 Oriental International Sleep Medicine Summit Forum
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] 睡眠覚醒と記憶の制御メカニズム. (2020)
  • Author(s): 山中章弘
  • Organizer: 第43回日本神経科学大会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 視床下部神経による睡眠覚醒と記憶の制御. (2020)
  • Author(s): 山中章弘
  • Organizer: 第31回東海睡眠障害研究会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] he suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates wakefulness via CRF neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. (2020)
  • Author(s): Ono D, Mukai Y, Hung CJ, Chowdhury S, Sugiyama T, Yamanaka A.
  • Organizer: 第27回日本時間生物学会学術大会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 睡眠覚醒調節機構とその破綻による睡眠障害のメカニズム. (2020)
  • Author(s): 山中章弘
  • Organizer: 第65回日本口腔外科学会総会・学術大会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Neural pathway which converts circadian rhythm to sleep/wakefulness. (2020)
  • Author(s): 山中章弘
  • Organizer: 第43回日本分子生物学会年会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 視床下部神経による睡眠覚醒と記憶の制御 (2020)
  • Author(s): 山中章弘
  • Organizer: 第218回精神科医会及び第174回学術講演会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] オレキシンとは？ 睡眠覚醒調節における役割について (2020)
  • Author(s): 山中章弘
  • Organizer: 東区医師会学術講演会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Functional interaction between the hypothalamus, septum and hippocampus to regulate sleep and memory (2019)
  • Author(s): Yamanaka A
  • Organizer: NUS Physiology Research Seminar
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Role of REM sleep on memory (2019)
  • Author(s): Yamanaka A
  • Organizer: Cold Spring Harbor Asia Neurobiology of Behavior & Neuropsychiatric Disorders
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] REM sleep active MCH neurons are involved in forgetting hippocampus-dependent memories (2019)
  • Author(s): Yamanaka A, Izawa S
  • Organizer: IBRO 2019
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] MCH neurons impaired memories during REM sleep (2019)
  • Author(s): Yamanaka A
  • Organizer: 2019 Chinese Sleep Research Society (CSRS) Annual Academic Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] REM sleep active MCH neurons are involved in forgetting hippocampus-dependent memories (2019)
  • Author(s): Yamanaka A
  • Organizer: 6th Congress of Asian College of Neuropsychopharmacology
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Book] Optogenetics-Light-Sensing Proteins and Their Applications in Neuroscience and Beyond-Second Edition (2021)
  • Author(s): Chowdhury S, Yamanaka A*
  • Total Pages: 663
  • Publisher: Springer
  • ISBN: 9789811587627