New cosmology researched by primordial black holes

• Project Area: Gravitational wave physics and astronomy: Genesis
• Project/Area Number: 20H04750
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Review Section: Science and Engineering
• Research Institution: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
• Principal Investigator: 郡 和範 大学共同利用機関法人高エネルギー加速器研究機構, 素粒子原子核研究所, 准教授 (50565819)
• Project Period (FY): 2020-04-01 – 2022-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
• Budget Amount: ¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
• Keywords: 原始ブラックホール / 宇宙論 / 一般相対性理論 / インフレーション / 量子ゆらぎ / ヒッグス / スタロビンスキーモデル / 重力波 / ダークマター / ブラックホール / 宇宙マイクロ波背景放射 / ガンマ線 / 宇宙線 / 陽電子 / 初期宇宙 / 宇宙誕生

Outline of Research at the Start

1) PBH説への既存の宇宙論的・宇宙物理学的な制限を重点的に整備するという間接的な方法と、2)新しい観測を用いてPBH形成の時期の情報を得るという直接的な方法を実行する。1)に関して、A) PBHによる降着円盤形成への宇宙論的な制限を洗いざらい精査する。その後、C) 数値計算により、降着円盤形成の詳細を確かめ、PBHがSMBHへ成長するシナリオの可能性1を検討する。そして2) に関して、C) 星の進化の理論とBHの進化の理論を整理し、将来の重力波観測でPBHと天体起源BHを区別する方法を定式化する。そして、まとめとして、D) PBHを生み出すインフレーション理論との整合性を議論する。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

2022年度は、査読付き論文を７本発表し、外部での講演を14回行った。その中でも、論文1)において、原始ブラックホール連星の合体からのシグナルを空間的に相関させることで、天体ブラックホール連星の合体のシグナルと区別するアイデアを提案した。また、論文 3)では、原始ブラックホールの生成する新しいインフレーションモデルを提案している。原始ブラックホールは、ダークマターの有力な候補である。我々はこの論文において、Starobinsky-Higgsのmulti-fieldインフレーションモデルにおいて、tachyonic prehearingが起こり、小スケールのゆらぎが増幅され原始ブラックホールが作られることを指摘した。また、論文 6)において、インフレーション直後に現れたと期待されるインフラトンの振動による物質優勢期において、原始ブラックホールが作られる機構に新しいプロセスを発見した。原始ブラックホールを作ると期待される密度ゆらぎの中でもsmall scaleの密度ゆらぎが、先にvirializationすることにより原始ブラックホールの生成を抑制してしまうのである。この論文では、それを避けるための条件を詳しく調べた。特に、この論文 6)の成果は、私がライフワークとして行ってきてきた宇宙初期の物質優勢期における原始ブラックホールの形成条件の総まとめとなっている。これらのことは、今回の「原始ブラックホールで探る新しい宇宙論」のプロジェクト研究における極めてオリジナリティーの高い成果であり、この分野の世界の研究を主導するものである。

Research Progress Status

令和3年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

令和3年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] Yonsei U/IBS(韓国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] CAS, Beijing(中国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] MPA(ドイツ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] LAPTh, Annecy/Montpellier/Paris No.7 U(フランス)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Queen Mary, U of London/Oxford U/Leeds U(英国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Max Planck Inst./Bonn U(ドイツ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] IBS, Daejeon/APCTP, Pohang(韓国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Aarhus U./Bohr Inst.(デンマーク)
• [Journal Article] Formation of hot spots around small primordial black holes (2023)
  • Author(s): He Minxi、Kohri Kazunori、Mukaida Kyohei、Yamada Masaki
  • Journal Title: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Volume: 2023 Issue: 01 Pages: 027-027
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2023/01/027
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Threshold of primordial black hole formation against velocity dispersion in matter-dominated era (2023)
  • Author(s): Harada Tomohiro、Kohri Kazunori、Sasaki Misao、Terada Takahiro、Yoo Chul-Moon
  • Journal Title: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Volume: 2023 Issue: 02 Pages: 038-038
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2023/02/038
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Search for Gamma-Ray Spectral Lines from Dark Matter Annihilation up to 100 TeV toward the Galactic Center with MAGIC (2023)
  • Author(s): Abe H., Inada T., Nakamori T., Noda K., Saito T., Takahashi M., et al., MAGIC Collaboration
  • Journal Title: Physical Review Letters Volume: 130 Issue: 6 Pages: 061002-061002
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.061002
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Probing primordial black holes with anisotropies in stochastic gravitational-wave background (2022)
  • Author(s): Wang Sai、Vardanyan Valeri、Kohri Kazunori
  • Journal Title: Physical Review D Volume: 106 Issue: 12 Pages: 123511-123511
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.123511
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Cosmological 21-cm line observations to test scenarios of super-Eddington accretion on to black holes being seeds of high-redshifted supermassive black holes (2022)
  • Author(s): Kohri Kazunori、Sekiguchi Toyokazu、Wang Sai
  • Journal Title: Physical Review D Volume: 106 Issue: 4 Pages: 43539-43539
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.043539
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The inflaton that could: primordial black holes and second order gravitational waves from tachyonic instability induced in Higgs-R^2 inflation (2022)
  • Author(s): Cheong Dhong Yeon、Kohri Kazunori、Park Seong Chan
  • Journal Title: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Volume: 2022 Issue: 10 Pages: 015-015
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/015
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A possible solution to the helium anomaly of EMPRESS VIII by cuscuton gravity theory (2022)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri, Kei-ichi Maeda
  • Journal Title: Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Volume: 9 Issue: 9 Pages: 910-910
  • DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptac114
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Spins of Primordial Black Holes Formed in the Radiation-dominated Phase of the Universe: First-order Effect (2021)
  • Author(s): Harada Tomohiro、Yoo Chul-Moon、Kohri Kazunori、Koga Yasutaka、Monobe Takeru
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 908 Issue: 2 Pages: 140-140
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abd9b9
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma-ray propagation (2021)
  • Author(s): H. Abdalla et al
  • Journal Title: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Volume: 2021 Issue: 02 Pages: 048-048
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2021/02/048
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Solar-mass primordial black holes explain NANOGrav hint of gravitational waves (2021)
  • Author(s): Kohri Kazunori、Terada Takahiro
  • Journal Title: Physics Letters B Volume: 813 Pages: 136040-136040
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2020.136040
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to a dark matter signal from the Galactic centre (2021)
  • Author(s): Acharyya A et al.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Volume: 2021 Issue: 01 Pages: 057-057
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2021/01/057
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The First Three Seconds: a Review of Possible Expansion Histories of the Early Universe (2021)
  • Author(s): Allahverdi Rouzbeh、... Takahashi Tomo、.... et al
  • Journal Title: The Open Journal of Astrophysics Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-1
  • DOI: 10.21105/astro.2006.16182
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Carbon and Oxygen Spectra from 10??GeV/n to 2.2??TeV/n with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station (2020)
  • Author(s): Adriani O.、Akaike Y.、Asano K.、Asaoka Y.、Bagliesi M.G.、Berti E.、Bigongiari G.、Binns W.R.、Bongi M.、Brogi P.、Bruno A.、Buckley J.H.、Cannady N.、Castellini G.、Checchia C.、Cherry M.L.、Collazuol G.、Ebisawa K.、Fuke H.、Gonzi S.、Guzik T.G.、Hams T.、Hibino K.、Ichimura M. 他
  • Journal Title: Physical Review Letters Volume: 125 Issue: 25 Pages: 251102-251102
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.251102
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Abundance of primordial black holes in peak theory for an arbitrary power spectrum (2020)
  • Author(s): Yoo Chul-Moon、Harada Tomohiro、Hirano Shin’ichi、Kohri Kazunori
  • Journal Title: Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Volume: 2021 Issue: 1 Pages: 1300-1300
  • DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptaa155
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Constraints on electron-scattering interpretation of XENON1T excess (2020)
  • Author(s): Chigusa So、Endo Motoi、Kohri Kazunori
  • Journal Title: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Volume: 2020 Issue: 10 Pages: 035-035
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2020/10/035
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Big-bang nucleosynthesis with sub-GeV massive decaying particles (2020)
  • Author(s): Kawasaki Masahiro、Kohri Kazunori、Moroi Takeo、Murai Kai、Murayama Hitoshi
  • Journal Title: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Volume: 2020 Issue: 12 Pages: 048-048
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2020/12/048
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] CALET on the International Space Station: the first three years of observations (2020)
  • Author(s): Brogi P、Adriani O、Akaike Y、Asano K、Asaoka Y、Bagliesi M G、Berti E、Bigongiari G、Binns W R、Bonechi S、Bongi M、Bruno A、Buckley J H、Cannady N、Castellini G、Checchia C、Cherry M L、Collazuol G、Di Felice V、Ebisawa K、Fuke H、Guzik T G、Hams T、Hibino K、Ichimura M 他
  • Journal Title: Physica Scripta Volume: 95 Issue: 7 Pages: 074012-074012
  • DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ab957d
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Cosmic-ray signatures of dark matter from a flavor dependent gauge symmetry model with neutrino mass mechanism (2020)
  • Author(s): Motz Holger、Okada Hiroshi、Asaoka Yoichi、Kohri Kazunori
  • Journal Title: Physical Review D Volume: 102 Issue: 8 Pages: 083019-083019
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.083019
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Inflaton as the Affleck-Dine baryogenesis field in hilltop supernatural inflation (2020)
  • Author(s): Lin Chia-Min、Kohri Kazunori
  • Journal Title: Physical Review D Volume: 102 Issue: 4 Pages: 43511-43511
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.043511
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] MeV-scale reheating temperature and cosmological production of light sterile neutrinos (2020)
  • Author(s): Hasegawa Takuya、Hiroshima Nagisa、Kohri Kazunori、Hansen Rasmus S.L.、Tram Thomas、Hannestad Steen
  • Journal Title: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Volume: 2020 Issue: 08 Pages: 015-015
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2020/08/015
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] CALET results after three years on the International Space Station (2020)
  • Author(s): Y. Asaoka et al
  • Journal Title: Journal of Physics: Conference Series Volume: 1468 Issue: 1 Pages: 012074-012074
  • DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1468/1/012074
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Cosmic microwave background bounds on primordial black holes including dark matter halo accretion (2020)
  • Author(s): Serpico Pasquale D.、Poulin Vivian、Inman Derek、Kohri Kazunori
  • Journal Title: Physical Review Research Volume: 2 Issue: 2 Pages: 23204-23204
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023204
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] LiteBIRD satellite: JAXA's new strategic L-class mission for all-sky surveys of cosmic microwave background polarization (2020)
  • Author(s): Hazumi Masashi、et al.
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of SPIE Volume: 11443 Pages: 249-249
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2563050
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Concept design of low frequency telescope for CMB B-mode polarization satellite LiteBIRD (2020)
  • Author(s): Sekimoto Yutaro, et al.
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of SPIE Volume: 11453 Pages: 37-37
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2561841
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Overview of the medium and high frequency telescopes of the LiteBIRD space mission (2020)
  • Author(s): Montier Ludovic、et al.
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of SPIE Volume: 11443 Pages: 250-250
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2562243
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Gamma-ray Emission from Primordial Black Holes (2023)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: The extreme Universe viewed in very-high-energy gamma rays 2022
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Cosmological 21cm line observations to test scenarios of super-Eddington accretion on to seed BHs of high-z SMBHs (2022)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: The hybrid-style symposium on Gravitational wave physics and astronomy: Genesis
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Primordial black holes and secondary gravitational waves in the inflationary Universe (2022)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: Extreme Universe Online, Kick-Off Meeting of Publicly Offered Research Groups
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The sterile-active neutrino oscillation and lepto- and/or baryogenesis in the early Universe (2022)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: Exploration of Particle Physics and Cosmology with Neutrino
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Cosmological 21cm line observations to test scenarios of super-Eddington accretion on to seed BHs of high-z SMBHs (2022)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: 初代星・初代銀河研究会 2022
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Theoretical research on methods to measure quantum natures of evaporating primordial black holes by using future observations (2022)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: The 2nd Annual Meeting on Extreme Universe
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Primordial black holes and induced gravitational waves in inflationery models (2022)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: 東京女子大学 素粒子論セミナー
  • Invited
• [Presentation] MeV γ-ray/CMB: New eyes with which to see quantum nature of Primordial Black Holes (2022)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: QUP Project Q workshop
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Cosmological 21cm line observations to test scenarios of super-Eddington accretion on to seed BHs of high-z SMBH (2022)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: 筑波大学 天体形成研究会 2022_
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Testing the early matter-dominated epoch in the early Universe in terms of BBN, CMB, PBH, DM and GWs (2022)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: The Future is Illuminating
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] 1) Anisotropies of GWs from merging PBHs, and 2)PBHs and GWs from tachyonic instability induced in Higgs-R^2 inflation (2022)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: Non-linear Gravitational wave
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Testing primordial black-hole dark matter by gamma-ray, gravitational wave, and strong lensing of fast radio bursts (2022)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: CosPA 2022
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Recent topics of PBHs (2022)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: Dynamics of primordial black hole formation
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Cosmological accretion on to the primordial black hole + CDM halo system (2020)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: 天体形成研究会2020 Online, 筑波大宇宙物理理論研究室
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Primordial black holes and stochastic gravitational wave background reported by NANOGrav 12.5yr (2020)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: AAPPS-DACG Workshop on Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravitation Online
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Primordial black holes and stochastic gravitational wave background reported by NANOGrav 12.5yr (2020)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: JGRG 2020 Online
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Solar-Mass Primordial Black Holes Explain NANOGrav Hint of Gravitational Waves (2020)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: The 26th KAGRA Face-to-Face meeting in remote style, Session 02 / 13:30-14:30 JST/ Plenary / Contribution talks, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Formations of primordial black holes in the early matter-dominated Universe (2020)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Organizer: Cosmology Seminar Online, Helsinki University
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Series: What is the spacetime of the Universe? 1st: Cosmology online (2020)
  • Author(s): 郡和範
  • Organizer: 朝日カルチャーセンター藤沢
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Series: What is the spacetime of the Universe?, ``2nd: Inflation online (2020)
  • Author(s): 郡和範
  • Organizer: 朝日カルチャーセンター藤沢
  • Invited
• [Presentation] KAGRA, ``4th: Gravitational wave from the early Universe (2020)
  • Author(s): 郡和範
  • Organizer: 朝日カルチャーセンター新宿
  • Invited
• [Presentation] What is the spacetime of the Universe?, ``3rd: ``Carrying out research examining the past, present, and future of the Universe (2020)
  • Author(s): 郡和範
  • Organizer: 朝日カルチャーセンター藤沢
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 初期宇宙からの重力波とDECIGO (2020)
  • Author(s): 郡和範
  • Organizer: 第19回DECIGOワークショップ Online
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 原始ブラックホール (2020)
  • Author(s): 郡和範
  • Organizer: 素粒子現象論研究会 2020、大阪市大、大阪
  • Invited
• [Presentation] KAGRAと基礎物理 (2020)
  • Author(s): 郡和範
  • Organizer: KEK 研究推進会議 KAGRA, KEKつくば、つくば市
  • Invited
• [Presentation] MeV-scale reheating temperature and neutrino oscillation in the early Universe (2020)
  • Author(s): 郡和範
  • Organizer: 新学術領域「ニュートリノで拓く素粒子と宇宙」2020 Online
• [Presentation] Curvaton and the Moduli problem in supergravity (2020)
  • Author(s): 郡和範
  • Organizer: KEK CMBグループ年始発表会 Online
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Series At the cutting edge of research on black holes , ``The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020: 1/2 (2020)
  • Author(s): 郡和範
  • Organizer: 朝日カルチャーセンター藤沢
  • Invited
• [Presentation] NANOGrav12.5yr hints of Gravitational Waves and Solar-Mass Primordial Black Holes (2020)
  • Author(s): 郡和範
  • Organizer: 新学術 重力波創世記 The Forth Annual Area Symposium Online
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Series: At the cutting edge of research on black holes , ``The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020: 2/2 (2020)
  • Author(s): 郡和範
  • Organizer: 朝日カルチャーセンター藤沢
  • Invited
• [Presentation] What is the spacetime of the Universe? online (2020)
  • Author(s): 郡和範
  • Organizer: 渋谷区ハチコウ大学
  • Invited
• [Book] 台灣東販 (2022)
  • Author(s): Kazunori Kohri
  • Total Pages: 269
  • Publisher: 大人的宇宙學教室：透過微中子與重力波解密宇宙起源
  • ISBN: 9786263292758
• [Book] 「ニュートリノと重力波」のことが一冊でまるごとわかる (2021)
  • Author(s): 郡 和範
  • Total Pages: 273
  • Publisher: ベレ出版
  • ISBN: 9784860646493
• [Book] 宇宙物理学ハンドブック (2020)
  • Author(s): 共著、高原文郎、家正則、小玉英雄、高橋忠幸 他
  • Total Pages: 912
  • Publisher: 朝倉書店
  • ISBN: 9784254131277
• [Book] 相対論と宇宙の事典 (2020)
  • Author(s): 共著、安東正樹、白水徹也、浅田秀樹、石橋明浩、小林努、真貝寿明、早田次郎、谷口敬介 他
  • Total Pages: 432
  • Publisher: 朝倉書店
  • ISBN: 9784254131284
• [Remarks] 巨大望遠鏡で狙う暗黒物質からの”光”;天の川銀河中心観測で解き明かす宇宙暗黒物質の起源と正体
  • URL: https://www.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/news/13105/
• [Remarks] KEK-Cosmo on "Dark Matter"
  • URL: https://conference-indico.kek.jp/event/117/timetable/#day-2020-10-13
• [Remarks] KEK-Cosmo on "Gravitational Wave"
  • URL: https://conference-indico.kek.jp/event/117/timetable/#day-2020-11-04
• [Funded Workshop] The KEK-PH + KEK-Cosmo + QUP joint lectures and workshops 2023 on "Hubble Tension 2023" (21st, Feb. - 22nd Feb. 2023) (2023)
• [Funded Workshop] 3rd KEK-PH + KEK-Cosmo Joint Lectures and Workshop on "Dark Matter" (2020)
• [Funded Workshop] 4th KEK-PH + KEK-Cosmo Joint Lectures and Workshop on "Gravitational Wave" (2020)