超新星元素合成とニュートリノ振動

• Project Area: Unification and Development of the Neutrino Science Frontier
• Project/Area Number: 26105517
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Review Section: Science and Engineering
• Research Institution: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
• Principal Investigator: 梶野 敏貴 国立天文台, 理論研究部, 准教授 (20169444)
• Project Period (FY): 2014-04-01 – 2016-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2015)
• Budget Amount: ¥2,990,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥690,000); Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000); Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
• Keywords: ニュートリノ振動 / 超新星 / 元素合成 / MSW効果 / ニュートリノ集団振動 / 理論核物理 / 理論天文学 / 宇宙物理 / 天文

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

本研究計画の４つの目的、（１）ニュートリノ元素合成を研究するための超新星モデルの構築、（２）最新の原子核構造・反応データ、ニュートリノ・原子核反応率を取り入れたネットワークの開発、（３）元素の理論予測と太陽系組成との比較によるMSWニュートリノ振動の解明、（４）ν-ν散乱が引き起こすフレーバー集団振動の解明に対し、以下の成果があがった。
（１）ニュートリノ加熱型超新星、磁気回転流体ジェット型超新星、コラプサー、中性子星連星系の合体の１D／２D有効モデルを構築した。（２）最新の原子核質量・β崩壊寿命・核分裂分布、ニュートリノ・原子核反応率の理論を組み込んだネットワークコードを開発し、中性子星連星系の合体で核分裂が重要であることを明らかにした。（３）MSW効果に敏感な元素群として、酸素・ネオン・マグネシウム層で生成されるLa138、Ta181、Nb92、Tc98等、炭素層とヘリウム層で生成されるF19、B11、Li7等のアイソトープが明らかにされた。（４）ニュートリノ量子多体系を解く方法として、スピン多体系の厳密解を求めるベーテ仮説の手法を発展させた モデルを提案した。具体的には平均場近似とsingle angle近似の数値計算法を開発するに留まった。ニュートリノ集団振動がr過程に及ぼす効果の本格的な解明は、今後の持ち越された。
また、ニュートリノ加熱型超新星、磁気回転流体ジェット型超新星、コラプサー、中性子星連星系の合体で生成されるr過程元素を、銀河の化学的・動力学的進化の研究に応用した。初期宇宙で超新星r過程によって重元素が作られ始め、遅れて中性子星連星系の合体が寄与して、現在の太陽系r過程元素組成ができあがったとする理論モデルを提唱した。r過程元素量の極大前後の過少生成問題が解決され、宇宙初期世代星と太陽系の元素組成間のユニバーサリティーを説明できることが明らかになった。

Research Progress Status

27年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

27年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] ノートルダム大学/ウィスコンシン大学/ウェスターンミシガン大学(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] 崇実大学(韓国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] ミマールサイナン工芸大学(トルコ)
• [Journal Article] Relative contributions of the weak, main and fission-recycling r-process (2016)
  • Author(s): S. Shibagaki, T. Kajino, G. J. Mathews, S. Chiba, S. Nishimura, and G. Lorusso
  • Journal Title: Astrophys. J. Volume: 816 Issue: 2 Pages: 79-79
  • DOI: 10.3847/0004-637x/816/2/79
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Low-lying resonances and relativistic screening in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (2016)
  • Author(s): M. A. Famiano, A. B. Balantekin, and T. Kajino
  • Journal Title: Phys. Rev. Volume: C93 Issue: 4
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.93.045804
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Constraints on Pre-Inflation Cosmology and Dark Flow (2015)
  • Author(s): G. J. Mathews, N. Q. Lan, and T. Kajino
  • Journal Title: Pub. Korean Astron. Soc. Volume: 30 Issue: 2 Pages: 309-313
  • DOI: 10.5303/pkas.2015.30.2.309
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] In-medium effect on the muon-neutrino and anti-muon-neutrino quasi-elastic scattering off a nucleon in 12C (2015)
  • Author(s): M. K. Cheoun, K. S. Kim, H. Kim, W. Y. So, T. Maruyama, and T. Kajino
  • Journal Title: Journal of Physics Volume: G42 Issue: 4 Pages: 045102-045102
  • DOI: 10.1088/0954-3899/42/4/045102
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] R-process nucleosynthesis in the MHD + neutrino heated collapsar jet (2015)
  • Author(s): Ko Nakamura, Toshitaka Kajino, Grant J. Mathews, Susumu Sato and Seiji Harikae
  • Journal Title: Astron. & Astrophys Volume: 582 Pages: A34-A34
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201526110
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Quantum Field Theoretic Treatment of Pion Production via Proton Synchrotron Radiation in Strong Magnetic Fields: Effects of Landau Levels (2015)
  • Author(s): T. Maruyama, M.-K. Cheoun, T. Kajino, Y. Kwon, G. J. Mathews, and C.-Y. Ryu
  • Journal Title: Phys. Rev. Volume: D91 Issue: 12
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.91.123007
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Enrichment of r-process Elements in Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies in Chemo-dynamical Evolution Model (2015)
  • Author(s): Hirai, Yutaka; Ishimaru, Yuhri; Saitoh, Takayuki R.; Fujii, Michiko S.; Hidaka, Jun; Kajino, Toshitaka
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 814 Issue: 1 Pages: 41-41
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/814/1/41
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Constraints on Pre-inflation Fluctuations in a Nearly Flat Open ΛCDM Cosmology (2015)
  • Author(s): G. J. Mathews, I. S. Suh, N. Q. Lan, and T. Kajino
  • Journal Title: Phys. Rev. Volume: D92 Issue: 12
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.92.123514
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Possible Evidence for Planck-scale Resonant Particle Production during Inflation from the CMB Power Spectrum (2015)
  • Author(s): G. J. Mathews, Mayukh Gangopadhyay, K. Ichiki, and T. Kajino
  • Journal Title: Phys. Rev. Volume: D92 Issue: 12
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.92.123519
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] β-Decay Half-Lives of 110 Neutron-Rich Nuclei across the N=82 Shell Gap: Implications for the Mechanism and Universality of the Astrophysical r Process (2015)
  • Author(s): G. Lorusso, S. Nishimura, Z.Y. Xu, A. Jungclaus, Y. Shimizu, G.S. Simpson, P.-A. Soderstrom, H. Watanabe, F. Browne, P. Doornenbal, G. Gey, H.S. Jung, B. Meyer, T. Sumikama, J. Taprogge, Zs. Vajta, J. Wu, et al.
  • Journal Title: Physical Review Letters Volume: 114 Issue: 19 Pages: 192501-192501
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.192501
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Neutrinos in Core-Collapse Supernovae and Nucleosynthesis (2014)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino, G. J. Mathews , and T. Hayakawa
  • Journal Title: Journal of Physics Volume: G41 Issue: 4 Pages: 044007-044007
  • DOI: 10.1088/0954-3899/41/4/044007
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Rapid spin deceleration of magnetized protoneutron stars via asymmetric neutrino emission (2014)
  • Author(s): Maruyama, Tomoyuki; Hidaka, Jun; Kajino, Toshitaka; Yasutake, Nobutoshi; Kuroda, Takami; Takiwaki, Tomoya; Cheoun, Myung-Ki; Ryu, Chung-Yeol; Mathews, Grant J.
  • Journal Title: Physical Review C Volume: 89 Issue: 3 Pages: 035801-035801
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.89.035801
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Supernova Relic Neutrinos and the Supernova Rate Problem: Analysis of Uncertainties and the role of Failed Supernovae (2014)
  • Author(s): G. J. Mathews, J. Hidaka, T. Kajino, and J. Suzuki
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal Volume: 790 Issue: 2 Pages: 115-115
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/790/2/115
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Neutrino Magnetic Moment, CP Violation and Flavor Oscillations in Matter (2014)
  • Author(s): Y. Pehlivan, A. B. Balantekin, and T. Kajino
  • Journal Title: Physical Review Volume: D90 Issue: 6 Pages: 065011-065011
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.90.065011
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Sterile neutrino oscillations in core-collapse supernova simulations (2014)
  • Author(s): M. L. Warren, M.Meixner, G. J. Mathews, J. Hidaka, and T. Kajino
  • Journal Title: Physical Review Volume: D90 Issue: 10 Pages: 103007-103007
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.90.103007
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Asymmetric neutrino production in strongly magnetized proto-neutron stars (2014)
  • Author(s): Maruyama, Tomoyuki; Cheoun, Myung-Ki; Hidaka, Jun; Kajino, Toshitaka; Kuroda, Takami; Mathews, Grant J.; Ryu, Chung-Yeol; Takiwaki, Tomoya; Yasutake, Nobutoshi
  • Journal Title: Physical Review D Volume: 90 Issue: 6 Pages: 067302-067302
  • DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.90.067302
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Excited states above the proton threshold in 26Al (2014)
  • Author(s): T. Komatsubara, S. Kubono, T. Hayakawa, T. Moriguchi, Y. Ito, H. Ooishi, Y. Ishbashi, K. Y. Hara, A. Ozawa, T. Shizuma, S. Hayakawa, H. Yamaguchi, D. N. Binh, D. Kahl, A. A. Chen, J. Chen, K. Nakamura, and T. Kajino
  • Journal Title: The European Physical Journal Volume: A50 Issue: 9 Pages: 136-136
  • DOI: 10.1140/epja/i2014-14136-4
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Determining Amino Acid Chirality in the Supernova Neutrino Processing Model (2014)
  • Author(s): M. Famiano, R. Boyd, T. Kajino, T. Onaka, K. Koehler, and Hulbert
  • Journal Title: Symmetry Volume: 6 Issue: 4 Pages: 909-925
  • DOI: 10.3390/sym6040909
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Presentation] Neutrino Astrophysics in Supernovae (2016)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: KIAS/KNRC School on Neutrino Physics
  • Place of Presentation: KIAS, Seoul, Korea
  • Year and Date: 2016-02-15
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Galactic Evolution of Supernova and Merger R-Process (2015)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: Symposium on Quarks to Universe in Computational Science
  • Place of Presentation: Nara Kasugano International Forum IRAKA, Nara, Nara, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2015-11-04
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Origin of R-Process Elements in Galactic Evolution and Relic Supernova Neutrinos (2015)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: Korean Physical Society 2015 Fall Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: Gyeonju, Korea
  • Year and Date: 2015-10-21
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Neutrino Physics in Astrophysics (2015)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: The 8th European Summer School on Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics
  • Place of Presentation: St. Tecla, Catania, Italy
  • Year and Date: 2015-09-13
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Galactic Evolution of the R-Process Elements and the Universality (2015)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: International Numazu Workshop on Challenges of Modeling Supernovae with Nuclear Data
  • Place of Presentation: Mishima Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2015-09-01
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Solving Coalescence Time Scale Problem of GRB R-Process in Galactic Chemo-Dynamics (2015)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: Gamma-Ray Burst Workshop
  • Place of Presentation: RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2015-08-31
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Explosive nucleosynthesis: A Probe of Cosmic and Supernova Neutrinos (2015)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: The 13th International Symposium on Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies
  • Place of Presentation: Beijing, China
  • Year and Date: 2015-06-23
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Quest for Nuclear Physics and the Origin of R-Process (2015)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: The 3rd International Conference on Nuclear Structure and Dynamics
  • Place of Presentation: Portoroz, Slovenia
  • Year and Date: 2015-06-15
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Supernova Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis (2015)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: The 5th International Symposium on Neutrinos and Dark Matter
  • Place of Presentation: Jyuaskyla, Finland
  • Year and Date: 2015-06-01
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Element Genesis in the Universe (2015)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: International Workshop on Nuclear Astrophysics
  • Place of Presentation: Beijing, China
  • Year and Date: 2015-01-21 – 2015-01-23
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Supernova relic neutrino (2014)
  • Author(s): J. Hidaka, T. Kajino, G. J. Mathews, J. Suuki
  • Organizer: HPCI International Workshop on Study of Neutron Stars and Core-Collapse Supernovae
  • Place of Presentation: Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2014-12-16 – 2014-12-20
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Critical roles of fission in the r-process nucleosynthesis in binary neutron-star mergers and Galactic evolution (2014)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: 22nd ASRC International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Exotic Nuclei
  • Place of Presentation: Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2014-12-03 – 2014-12-05
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Roles of Nuclear Charge-Current responses in Supernova Nucleosynthesis and Neutrinos (2014)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: International Symposium on Neutrino Nuclear Responses for Neutrino Studies in Nuclei
  • Place of Presentation: Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2014-11-05 – 2014-11-06
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Big-Bang and Supernova Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis (2014)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: NUBA International Conference Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics
  • Place of Presentation: Antalya, Turkey
  • Year and Date: 2014-09-15 – 2014-09-21
  • Invited
• [Presentation] R-process in Neutron Star Mergers and Supernovae (2014)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: ECT* Workshop No. 788 on Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics of Neutron-Star Mergers and Supernovae and Origin of R-process Elements
  • Place of Presentation: Trento, Italy
  • Year and Date: 2014-09-08 – 2014-09-12
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Supernova as a Laboratory for Element Genesis and Neutrino Physics (2014)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: 18th International Workshop on Astro-Nuclear Physics
  • Place of Presentation: Seoul, Korea
  • Year and Date: 2014-08-18 – 2014-08-20
  • Invited
• [Presentation] R-process in Neutron Star Mergers and Supernovae (2014)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: 13th International Symposium on Nuclei in the Cosmos
  • Place of Presentation: Debrecen, Hungary
  • Year and Date: 2014-07-07 – 2014-07-11
• [Presentation] Impact of nuclear fission on r-process nucleosynthesis and origin of solar r-process elements (2014)
  • Author(s): Shibagaki, Shota, Kajino, Toshitaka, Mathews, Grant J., Chiba, Satoshi
  • Organizer: 5th Carpathian Summer School in Physics
  • Place of Presentation: Sinaia, Romania
  • Year and Date: 2014-06-13 – 2014-06-26
• [Presentation] Big-Bang and Supernova Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis (2014)
  • Author(s): T. Kajino
  • Organizer: 5th Carpathian Summer School in Physics
  • Place of Presentation: Sinaia, Romania
  • Year and Date: 2014-06-13 – 2014-06-26
  • Invited
• [Presentation] R-process in neutron-star mergers with a new fission model (2014)
  • Author(s): Shibagaki, Shota, Kajino, Toshitaka, Mathews, Grant J., Chiba, Satoshi
  • Organizer: 2nd International Conference on Advances in Radioactive Isotope Science
  • Place of Presentation: University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2014-06-01 – 2014-06-06
• [Book] Proceedings, "Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies ’13" (2014)
  • Author(s): H. Miyatake, T. Kajino, S. Jeong, K.-I. Nomoto, & N. Imai
  • Total Pages: 520
  • Publisher: American Journal of Physics
• [Funded Workshop] The 13th International Symposium on Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (2015)
  • Place of Presentation: Beijing, China
  • Year and Date: 2015-06-23