2019 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

International Activities Supporting Group for Nascent Chain Biology

International Activities Supporting Group

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Project Area	Nascent-chain Biology
Project/Area Number	15K21743
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)
Allocation Type	Multi-year Fund
Review Section	Biological Sciences
Research Institution	Tokyo Institute of Technology
Principal Investigator	Taguchi Hideki 東京工業大学, 科学技術創成研究院, 教授 (40272710)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	稲田利文東北大学, 薬学研究科, 教授 (40242812) 田中元雅国立研究開発法人理化学研究所, 脳神経科学研究センター, チームリーダー (40321781) 河野憲二奈良先端科学技術大学院大学, 研究推進機構, 特任教授 (50142005) 藤木幸夫九州大学, 生体防御医学研究所, 特任教授 (70261237)
Project Period (FY)	2015-11-06 – 2020-03-31
Keywords	翻訳 / リボソーム / シャペロン / 新生ポリペプチド鎖 / RNA / タンパク質
Outline of Final Research Achievements	Proteins experience the nascent peptidyl-tRNAs, defined as "nascent chains", during the translation. Recent advances have revealed that nascent chains are directly involved in a variety of cellular processes including self-maturation and the quality control system of protein and mRNA. In addition, the dysfunction of the maturation and the quality control system could perturb cellular homeostasis, often leading to human diseases. The concept of nascent chains connects the protein and RNA researchers to generate a new field called "Nascent-chain biology". Our project aims to understand the roles of the “nascent chains” in the gene expression and cellular homeostasis. The international activities supporting group for nascent chain biology aims to accelerate the collaboration. Five Japanese groups in this project were supported and conducted a variety of researches in this field. Some of the works were already published in peer-reviewed prestigious journals.
Free Research Field	生化学、蛋白質科学
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	生命活動はタンパク質の機能に依存している。すべてのタンパク質は新生ポリペプチド鎖（新生鎖）として産まれることを鑑みれば、本国際活動支援班での成果はあらゆる生命科学分野へインパクトを持つ。また、本領域のように新生鎖を主役とした研究グループは世界的にも存在せず、本国際活動支援班を通じて、国外の有力研究者に我が国の新生鎖研究のレベルの高さ、厚みを理解してもらったことも大きい。さらに、新生鎖の異常が病気に関与することを踏まえると、新生鎖に関わる分子機構の解明は病態解明、創薬など社会的にも大きな波及効果をもつものである。