2020 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Mechanical regulation of tissue folding and tube formation -The neural tube as a model-
| Project Area | Discovery of the logic that establishes the 3D structure of organisms |
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| Project/Area Number |
15H05865
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Review Section |
Biological Sciences
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| Research Institution | National Institute for Basic Biology |
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Principal Investigator |
Ueno Naoto 基礎生物学研究所, 形態形成研究部門, 教授 (40221105)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
鈴木 誠 広島大学, 両生類研究センター, 助教 (10533193)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2015-06-29 – 2020-03-31
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| Keywords | 発生 / 神経管形成 / ライブイメージング / 細胞移動 / 細胞変形 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
In vertebrates, the central nervous system (CNS) is established during early embryogenesis by the collective closing movement of a sheet of neural cells in a process called neural tube closure (NTC), and NTC failure causes a common human birth defect. During NTC, neuroepithelial cells change from a columnar to a wedge shape. As a common strategy for folding an epithelial sheet, this cellular morphogenesis, called apical constriction (AC), generates physical force to bend the neural plate (NP) inward. The lateral edges of the bending neural plate lift above the dorsal surface, eventually come together along the dorsal midline and fuse to form the neural tube. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of neural tissue folding focusing on cell shape change and physical properties such as stiffness of the tissue. We found that AC triggered by Ca2+ oscillation and subsequent stiffening of the neural epithelial tissue is essential for this morphogenesis.
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| Free Research Field |
発生生物学
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
神経管閉鎖はヒトの発生においても中枢神経系を正しく形成するために極めて重要な現象であり、神経管閉鎖異常は二分脊椎症などの重篤な先天異常を引きおこす。神経管閉鎖異常は多様な原因が考えられているが、本研究では基本的な細胞・組織メカニズムを明らかにすることにより、どのようなプロセスに異常があると閉鎖が不全となるのかという重要なメカニズムを明らかにし、発生生物学への学術的貢献ばかりでなく、神経管閉鎖不全という先天異常の病因解明の観点から基礎医学にも貢献した。
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