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2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Study of nucleosynthesis in neutron star merger with optical-infrared follow-up observations of gravitational wave sources

Planned Research

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Project AreaGravitational wave physics and astronomy: Genesis
Project/Area Number 17H06363
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Review Section Science and Engineering
Research InstitutionNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Principal Investigator

Yoshida Michitoshi  国立天文台, ハワイ観測所, 教授 (90270446)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 冨永 望  国立天文台, 科学研究部, 教授 (00550279)
関口 雄一郎  東邦大学, 理学部, 准教授 (50531779)
川端 弘治  広島大学, 宇宙科学センター, 教授 (60372702)
伊藤 洋一  兵庫県立大学, 自然・環境科学研究所, 教授 (70332757)
田中 雅臣  東北大学, 理学研究科, 准教授 (70586429)
酒向 重行  東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 准教授 (90533563)
Project Period (FY) 2017-06-30 – 2022-03-31
Keywords光赤外線天文学 / 重力波天体 / 突発天体 / 中性子星 / 元素合成
Outline of Final Research Achievements

We developed a suite of instruments for gravitational wave (GW) follow-up observations and established a GW follow-up observation network using domestic and foreign telescopes to conduct optical and infrared follow-up observations of GW sources. As a result, we succeeded in detecting the electromagnetic counterpart AT2017gfo to the neutron star merger GW170817 through follow-up observations using the telescope network including Subaru Telescope. The optical and near-infrared luminosity curves of AT2017gfo provide evidence that heavy elements are synthesized in the neutron star merger by a rapid neutron capture reaction.
Numerical relativity simulations of neutron star mergers as well as radiative transfer calculations based on unprecedentedly detailed atomic data have revealed the relationship between the physical processes of neutron star mergers, electromagnetic radiation, and the composition of synthesized heavy elements.

Free Research Field

光赤外線天文学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

中性子星の合体現象の数値シミュレーション研究において、世界に先駆けて数値相対論とニュートリノ輻射輸送を同時に計算した。また、重力波天体の光赤外線放射の詳細な性質を輻射輸送シミュレーションによって明らかにした。重力波天体の電磁波対応天体の探査観測においては、すばる望遠鏡をはじめとした望遠鏡ネットワークにより、中性子星合体GW170817からの光赤外線放射を検出・追跡し、素早い中性子捕獲反応による重元素合成が起こっている証拠を得た。長年の謎である宇宙におけるr-過程元素の起源を解明することに意義がある。

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Published: 2023-01-30  

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