2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Analyses of stem cell genomes in long-lived plants
| Project Area | Principles of pluripotent stem cells underlying plant vitality |
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| Project/Area Number |
17H06478
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Review Section |
Biological Sciences
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| Research Institution | Kyushu University |
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Principal Investigator |
Satake Akiko 九州大学, 理学研究院, 教授 (70506237)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
陶山 佳久 東北大学, 農学研究科, 教授 (60282315)
谷 尚樹 国立研究開発法人国際農林水産業研究センター, 林業領域, 主任研究員 (90343798)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2017-06-30 – 2022-03-31
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| Keywords | 長寿命 / 樹木 / DNA修復 / ゲノム / 突然変異 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
To determine whether stem cell genomes are maintained stably in long-lived organisms, they generated a high-quality genome of Shorea laevis and detected somatic mutations that accumulated over 400 years to accurately estimate the mutation rate prior to natural selection and genetic drift in the next generation population. The number of somatic mutations was shown to increase linearly with growth, and the rate of de novo mutations per base per year was accurately estimated. Detailed analysis of the mutation spectrum showed that mutations caused by DNA damage to UV light were the most abundant (53.1%). Comparative genomic analysis suggested that trees have a higher copy number of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) than perennial and annual plants, contributing to their long-term survival and protection from DNA damage and pathogen infection. These results provide important knowledge in understanding the evolution of DNA repair and lifespan in plants.
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| Free Research Field |
数理生物学
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
一般に動物では、生殖細胞と体細胞は発生の初期に分離されるため、体細胞に生じた変異は次世代へ受け継がれず、個体の死とともに集団から消失する。これに対して植物では、体細胞の中でも多能性を永続的に維持する幹細胞に生じた変異は、花粉や胚珠を形作り次世代へ受け継がれる。そのため私達は、体細胞で生じる突然変異は、森林生態系におけるゲノム多様性の創出に寄与する重要なプロセスであると考えている。今後は、本研究を発展させ、集団レベルのゲノム多様性の創出機構の解明に取り組む。
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