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2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Dynamic optimization strategy of plant structural unit learning from synthesis and degradation process of woody biomass

Planned Research

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Project AreaElucidation of the strategies of mechanical optimization in plants toward the establishment of the bases for sustainable structure system
Project/Area Number 18H05494
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Review Section Complex systems
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

Igarashi Kiyohiko  東京大学, 大学院農学生命科学研究科(農学部), 教授 (80345181)

Project Period (FY) 2018-06-29 – 2023-03-31
Keywordsセルラーゼ / セルロース / 植物細胞壁 / ガラクタン / キシラン / シミュレーション
Outline of Final Research Achievements

In this study, we aimed to elucidate (I) the cellulose crystal formation process using cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP), (II) the degradation mechanism of crystalline cellulose by cellulase using simulation, (III) the evolution of processivity in cellulase, (IV) the structure-function relationship of enzymes degrading plant cell walls, (V) the cellulose degradation mechanism. (V) the mechanism of cellulose degradation. (In (I), we succeeded in synthesizing cellulose under microgravity for the first time in the world. (In (II), we showed that the size of the cellulose-binding domain is important for the activity. (In (III), we showed the convergent evolution of processive cellulases, and in (IV), we showed the structure-function relationship of galactan- and xylan-degrading enzymes. And in (V) we put an end to the 70-year debate on cellulose degradation.

Free Research Field

バイオマス生物工学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究によって、植物細胞壁構成成分同士または構成成分と分解酵素の分子間相互作用に関する情報を多角的に集め、植物構造ユニットの力学的最適化戦略にせまることができた。in vitroでの実験によって、植物細胞壁の観測では得ることが出来ない様々な分子、化学レベルでの知見を得る事ができた。植物細胞壁を分解、変化させる酵素の機能解析は多様な構成成分、分子が関わる植物細胞壁の力学的変化を起こすメカニズムを紐解く一助となった。これ結果から、酵素を用いたin vitroでの植物細胞壁の再現による新規材料の創生や、木質バイオマスの効率的分解機構の解明とそれによるサスティナブル社会の実現につながる事が期待される。

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Published: 2024-01-30  

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