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2022 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

Dark matter search using the cosmic microwave background

Planned Research

Project AreaWhat is dark matter? - Comprehensive study of the huge discovery space in dark matter
Project/Area Number 20H05859
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

小松 英一郎  東京大学, カブリ数物連携宇宙研究機構, 客員上級科学研究員 (00750316)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 白石 希典  公立諏訪東京理科大学, 共通・マネジメント教育センター, 講師 (00803446)
Project Period (FY) 2020-11-19 – 2025-03-31
Keywords宇宙マイクロ波背景放射 / 偏光 / ダークマター / アクシオン / 複屈折効果
Outline of Annual Research Achievements

パリティ対称性を破るアクシオン場のようなダークマターが光子と相互作用を行うと、光子の偏光面は回転する。これは「宇宙複屈折効果」と呼ばれている。この効果により宇宙マイクロ波背景放射(CMB)の偏光パターンは変化し、EモードとBモード偏光の相互相関(EB相関)が生じる。これは、パリティ対称性を保存する標準的な宇宙モデルでは得られないため、パリティ対称性を破るダークマター探査を可能にする。前年度までの研究では、2020年に発表された欧州宇宙機関(ESA)のCMB観測衛星Planckの高周波検出器(HFI)の最新データを用いてEB相関を測定し、パリティ対称性の破れの兆候を3.3シグマの統計的有意差で観測した。本年度は、この測定の精度を高めるべく、HFIに加えてPlanckの低周波検出器(LFI)とNASAのCMB観測衛星WMAPのデータを同時解析した。その結果、統計的有意差は3.6シグマまで上昇した。100GHz以上の高周波数の光子に感度のあるHFIデータを用いた時は、測定されたEB相関の信号は宇宙複屈折効果ではなく、銀河系の星間ダストの偏光である可能性が指摘されたが、100GHz以下に感度のあるLFIやWMAPの低周波数のデータではダストの影響は無視できる。従って、観測された信号は宇宙複屈折効果で説明できる可能性が高まり、新しい物理の兆候ではないかと注目されている。

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

1: Research has progressed more than it was originally planned.

Reason

パリティ対称性を破る宇宙複屈折効果が確認されれば、標準的な宇宙モデルを超える新しい物理現象の発見となる。そのような結果は大きなインパクトを持つため、本計画研究で初めてその兆候が捉えられたEB相関の信号が、本当に宇宙複屈折効果によるものかどうかを判定するのは重要である。本年度の研究では、これまでの解析でまだ使っていなかったPlanckのLFIの最新データと、Planck以前のCMB観測衛星であるWMAPのデータのEB相関を解析に加えることで、観測された信号の起源を精査した。その結果、さらに統計的に有意な結果を得た。これは予想を大きく上回る成果であり、本計画研究は、当初計画していた以上のペースで進展している。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

観測されたEB相関の信号を、パリティ対称性を破るアクシオン場のようなダークマターとCMB光子との相互作用で説明する際、これまで広く使われてきたEB相関の理論予言は不十分な近似に基づいていたことがわかった。そこで今後は、ボルツマン方程式をきちんと解いて得た正しい理論予言を測定結果と比較し、EB相関を説明するアクシオン場の背後にある物理現象を探る予定である。また、将来的な観測により、宇宙の再結合期(赤方偏移で約1090)で生成されたCMBの偏光だけでなく、赤方偏移の小さな近傍宇宙の電離ガスから生成された新しいCMB偏光のEB相関が測定可能か、そしてそれがアクシオン場の物理にどのような情報をもたらすのかを調べる予定である。

  • Research Products

    (38 results)

All 2023 2022 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (6 results) Journal Article (13 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 9 results,  Peer Reviewed: 13 results,  Open Access: 6 results) Presentation (17 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 11 results,  Invited: 8 results) Remarks (1 results) Funded Workshop (1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics/Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(ドイツ)

    • Country Name
      GERMANY
    • Counterpart Institution
      Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics/Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Oslo(ノルウェー)

    • Country Name
      NORWAY
    • Counterpart Institution
      University of Oslo
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Cambridge(英国)

    • Country Name
      UNITED KINGDOM
    • Counterpart Institution
      University of Cambridge
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Czech Academy of Sciences(チェコ)

    • Country Name
      CZECH
    • Counterpart Institution
      Czech Academy of Sciences
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Pittsburgh/Stony Brook University/University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign(米国)

    • Country Name
      U.S.A.
    • Counterpart Institution
      University of Pittsburgh/Stony Brook University/University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  • [Int'l Joint Research]

    • # of Other Countries
      1
  • [Journal Article] Impact of anisotropic birefringence on measuring cosmic microwave background lensing2023

    • Author(s)
      Cai Hongbo、Guan Yilun、Namikawa Toshiya、Kosowsky Arthur
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 107 Pages: 043513

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevD.107.043513

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Isotropic cosmic birefringence from early dark energy2023

    • Author(s)
      Murai Kai、Naokawa Fumihiro、Namikawa Toshiya、Komatsu Eiichiro
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 107 Pages: L041302

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevD.107.L041302

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Cosmic birefringence tomography and calibration independence with reionization signals in the CMB2023

    • Author(s)
      Sherwin Blake D、Namikawa Toshiya
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 520 Pages: 3298~3304

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stac3146

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Is cosmic birefringence due to dark energy or dark matter? A tomographic approach2022

    • Author(s)
      Nakatsuka Hiromasa、Namikawa Toshiya、Komatsu Eiichiro
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 105 Pages: 123509

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevD.105.123509

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Lattice simulations of Abelian gauge fields coupled to axions during inflation2022

    • Author(s)
      Caravano Angelo、Komatsu Eiichiro、Lozanov Kaloian D.、Weller Jochen
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 105 Pages: 123530

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevD.105.123530

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] New physics from the polarized light of the cosmic microwave background2022

    • Author(s)
      Komatsu Eiichiro
    • Journal Title

      Nature Reviews Physics

      Volume: 4 Pages: 452~469

    • DOI

      10.1038/s42254-022-00452-4

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] New constraints on axion-gauge field dynamics during inflation from Planck and BICEP/Keck data sets2022

    • Author(s)
      Campeti Paolo、Ozsoy Ogan、Obata Ippei、Shiraishi Maresuke
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

      Volume: 2022 Pages: 039~039

    • DOI

      10.1088/1475-7516/2022/07/039

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Cosmic birefringence from monodromic axion dark energy2022

    • Author(s)
      Gasparotto Silvia、Obata Ippei
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

      Volume: 2022 Pages: 025~025

    • DOI

      10.1088/1475-7516/2022/08/025

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Improved constraints on cosmic birefringence from the WMAP and Planck cosmic microwave background polarization data2022

    • Author(s)
      Eskilt Johannes R.、Komatsu Eiichiro
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 106 Pages: 063503

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevD.106.063503

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Implications of the cosmic birefringence measurement for the axion dark matter search2022

    • Author(s)
      Obata Ippei
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

      Volume: 2022 Pages: 062~062

    • DOI

      10.1088/1475-7516/2022/09/062

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Assessment of the RFI by the X-Band Antenna in LiteBIRD Using a 3D Electromagnetic Field Simulator2022

    • Author(s)
      Tsuji M.、Tsujimoto M.、Sekimoto Y.、Dotani T.、Shiraishi M.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Low Temperature Physics

      Volume: 209 Pages: 1097~1103

    • DOI

      10.1007/s10909-022-02889-4

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Can primordial parity violation explain the observed cosmic birefringence?2022

    • Author(s)
      Fujita Tomohiro、Minami Yuto、Shiraishi Maresuke、Yokoyama Shuichiro
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 106 Pages: 103529

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevD.106.103529

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Finding evidence for inflation and the origin of galactic magnetic fields with CMB surveys2022

    • Author(s)
      Mandal Sayan、Sehgal Neelima、Namikawa Toshiya
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 105 Pages: 063537

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevD.105.063537

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Parity violation search using non-Gaussian observables2023

    • Author(s)
      白石希典
    • Organizer
      Domestic Molecule-type Workshop "Non-linear Nature of Cosmological Perturbations and Its Observational Consequences"
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Probing axions with the measurements of photon's birefringence2023

    • Author(s)
      小幡一平
    • Organizer
      Kagoshima Workshop on Particles, Fields and Strings 2023
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Parity-odd trispectrum from axion inflation2023

    • Author(s)
      小幡一平
    • Organizer
      Domestic Molecule-type Workshop "Non-linear Nature of Cosmological Perturbations and Its Observational Consequences"
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 宇宙複屈折に対する弱重力レンズ補正2023

    • Author(s)
      直川史寛
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会
  • [Presentation] 宇宙複屈折に対する弱重力レンズ効果2023

    • Author(s)
      直川史寛
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会
  • [Presentation] Weak lensing and cosmic birefringence2023

    • Author(s)
      直川史寛
    • Organizer
      Very Light Dark Matter 2023
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Cosmic birefringence tomography with polarized Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect2023

    • Author(s)
      並河俊弥
    • Organizer
      Very Light Dark Matter 2023
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Measuring anisotropies of linear polarization rotation as a probe of primordial magnetic fields2022

    • Author(s)
      並河俊弥
    • Organizer
      JGRG online workshop
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] A quick overview of delensing for large-scale B-modes2022

    • Author(s)
      並河俊弥
    • Organizer
      Workshop on Weak Gravitational Lensing
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Cosmic Birefringence: A New Probe of Dark Matter and Dark Energy2022

    • Author(s)
      小松英一郎
    • Organizer
      ICASU Inaugural Conference
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Cosmological signatures and constraints on primordial parity violation2022

    • Author(s)
      白石希典
    • Organizer
      2022 Summer NRF-JSPS Workshop in particle physics, cosmology, and gravitation
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Isotropic cosmic birefringence from early dark energy2022

    • Author(s)
      村井開
    • Organizer
      第11回観測的宇宙論ワークショップ
  • [Presentation] Implications of the cosmic birefringence measurement for the axion dark matter search2022

    • Author(s)
      小幡一平
    • Organizer
      17th Patras Workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Probing axions with the measurements of photon's birefringence2022

    • Author(s)
      小幡一平
    • Organizer
      The 7th IBS-ICTP-MultiDark Workshop
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Gravitationally Lensed Cosmic Birefringence ~for the precise prediction~2022

    • Author(s)
      直川史寛
    • Organizer
      JGRG31
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] CMB B-mode delensing for upcoming and future CMB experiments2022

    • Author(s)
      並河俊弥
    • Organizer
      第11回観測的宇宙論ワークショップ
  • [Presentation] A quick overview of the recent progress in measuring gravitational lensing of CMB2022

    • Author(s)
      並河俊弥
    • Organizer
      10th Core-to-Core CMB Meeting
    • Invited
  • [Remarks] New analysis strengthens the hint of new physics

    • URL

      https://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/1055454/hl202206

  • [Funded Workshop] Very Light Dark Matter 20232023

URL: 

Published: 2023-12-25  

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