３次元モデリング技術に基づく化石頭蓋の高精度復元

2014 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project Area: Replacement of Neanderthals by Homo sapiens: testing evolutionary models of learning
• Project/Area Number: 22101006
• Research Institution: Keio University
• Principal Investigator: 荻原 直道 慶應義塾大学, 理工学部, 准教授 (70324605)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 鈴木 宏正 東京大学, 工学(系)研究科(研究院), 教授 (40187761) ; 近藤 修 東京大学, 理学(系)研究科(研究院), 准教授 (40244347)
• Project Period (FY): 2010-04-01 – 2015-03-31
• Keywords: 仮想復元 / 形状モデリング / 化石脳 / ネアンデルタール / 進化

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

最終年度である本年は、Amud 1、Gibraltar 1、La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1の3つネアンデルタール（旧人）頭蓋骨と、Qafzeh 9、Skhul 5、Mladec 1、Cro-Magnon1の4つの早期ホモ・サピエンス（新人）頭蓋骨の、最終的な工学的復元結果を完成させた。

復元した頭蓋骨外形状とエンドキャスト上に、解剖学的特徴点、正中輪郭形状や稜線の等分点、スライディングランドマークを定義し、3次元幾何形態学的手法を用いて、復元した頭蓋骨を相互に、また現代人のそれと比較した。復元したネアンデルタール人頭蓋骨形状を、早期ホモ・サピエンスや現生人類の頭蓋骨形状を比較すると、ネアンデルタール人の頭蓋骨は、現生人類のそれより前後に長く後頭部が突出し、左右に狭く、上下に低い傾向が見られた。また、現生人類では、特に小脳と頭頂葉に対応する部位が相対的に大きい傾向があることが明らかとなった。近年、こうした両者の頭蓋骨の形態差は、出生直後の成長パターンの差に起因して生じていることが示唆されている。出生後の脳の成長パターンの違いが、両者の命運を分ける学習能力・行動の差につながった可能性が考えられる。

また、C02班と共同で、化石脳の形態を頭蓋骨から復元する数理的手法を確立した。具体的には、現代人の頭蓋骨形態から復元した化石頭蓋骨形態への空間変形関数を、DARTELを用いて記述した。それを現代人脳形態に当てはめ同様の変換を行うことで、化石頭蓋骨に収まる脳形態を推定することを可能とした。

Research Progress Status

26年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

26年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Towards digital reconstruction of fossil crania and brain morphology (2015)
  • Author(s): Ogihara,N., Amano, H., Kikuchi, T., Morita, Y., Hasegawa, K., Kochiyama, T., Tanabe, HC.
  • Journal Title: Anthropological Science Volume: 123 Pages: 57,68
  • DOI: 10.1537/ase.141109
  • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Functional craniology and brain evolution: from paleontology to biomedicine (2014)
  • Author(s): Bruner, E., de la Cuetara, JM, Masters, M., Amano, H., Ogihara, N.
  • Journal Title: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy Volume: 8 Pages: 1,15
  • DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00019
  • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Feature-preserving outermost-surface polygonization from CT images (2014)
  • Author(s): Michikawa, T., Moriguchi, M., Suzuki, H.
  • Journal Title: Computer-Aided Design and Applications Volume: 11 Pages: 239, 243
  • DOI: 10.1080/16864360.2014.846098
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] Controlling cavity structure for printing natural objects (2015)
  • Author(s): Michikawa, T., Suzuki, H.
  • Organizer: 2015 IFAC Symposium on Information Control in Manufacturing (INCOM 2015)
  • Place of Presentation: Ottawa（カナダ）
  • Year and Date: 2015-05-11 – 2015-05-13
• [Presentation] Endocasts of Neanderthals and early modern humans: virtual reconstruction and geometric morphometric analyses (2014)
  • Author(s): Ogihara, N., Amano, H., Morita, Y., Kondo, O., Kubo, D., Suzuki, H., Michikawa, T., Moriguchi, M., Ishida, H, Nakatsukasa, M.
  • Organizer: The 2nd International Conference on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans: Testing Evolutionary Models of Learning (RNMH2014)
  • Place of Presentation: だて歴史の杜カルチャーセンター（北海道虻田郡洞爺湖町）
  • Year and Date: 2014-12-05 – 2014-12-05
• [Presentation] Estimating the cerebral and cerebellar volumes of Neanderthals and Middle and Upper Paleolithic Homo sapiens (2014)
  • Author(s): Kubo, D., Tanabe, H.C., Kondo, O., Amano, H., Yogi, A., Murayama, S., Ishida, H., Ogihara, N.
  • Organizer: The 2nd International Conference on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans: Testing Evolutionary Models of Learning (RNMH2014)
  • Place of Presentation: だて歴史の杜カルチャーセンター（北海道虻田郡洞爺湖町）
  • Year and Date: 2014-12-05 – 2014-12-05
• [Presentation] Exploring the difference of brain anatomy and function between Neanderthals and Modern Humans: neuroanatomical and functional neuroimaging approach (2014)
  • Author(s): Tanabe, HC., Kochiyama, T., Sadato, N., Ogihara, N.
  • Organizer: The 2nd International Conference on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans: Testing Evolutionary Models of Learning (RNMH2014)
  • Place of Presentation: だて歴史の杜カルチャーセンター（北海道虻田郡洞爺湖町）
  • Year and Date: 2014-12-05 – 2014-12-05
• [Presentation] Reconstruction of the brain from skull fossil using computational anatomy (2014)
  • Author(s): Hasegawa, K., Kochiyama, T., Tanabe, H.C., Ogihara, N.
  • Organizer: The 2nd International Conference on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans: Testing Evolutionary Models of Learning (RNMH2014)
  • Place of Presentation: だて歴史の杜カルチャーセンター（北海道虻田郡洞爺湖町）
  • Year and Date: 2014-12-05 – 2014-12-05
• [Presentation] Endocast surface reconstruction from CT images (2014)
  • Author(s): Michikawa, T., Michikawa, T., Moriguchi, M., Suzuki, H., Ogihara, N., Kondo, O., Kobayashi, Y.
  • Organizer: The 2nd International Conference on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans: Testing Evolutionary Models of Learning (RNMH2014)
  • Place of Presentation: だて歴史の杜カルチャーセンター（北海道虻田郡洞爺湖町）
  • Year and Date: 2014-12-05 – 2014-12-05
• [Presentation] Surface Deformation of Crania by Optimizing Rigidity (2014)
  • Author(s): Moriguchi, M., Suzuki, H., Michikawa, T., Ogihara, N., Kondo, O.
  • Organizer: The 2nd International Conference on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans: Testing Evolutionary Models of Learning (RNMH2014)
  • Place of Presentation: だて歴史の杜カルチャーセンター（北海道虻田郡洞爺湖町）
  • Year and Date: 2014-12-05 – 2014-12-05
• [Presentation] Reconstruction of Qafzeh 9 braincase and its endocast morphology (2014)
  • Author(s): Kondo, O., Kubo, D., Suzuki, H., Ogihara, N.
  • Organizer: The 2nd International Conference on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans: Testing Evolutionary Models of Learning (RNMH2014)
  • Place of Presentation: だて歴史の杜カルチャーセンター（北海道虻田郡洞爺湖町）
  • Year and Date: 2014-12-05 – 2014-12-05
• [Presentation] ネアンデルタール人頭蓋骨の工学的復元と3次元形態解析 (2014)
  • Author(s): 天野英輝、森田祐介、近藤修、鈴木宏正、荻原直道
  • Organizer: 第68回日本人類学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: アクトシティ浜松 コングレスセンター（静岡県浜松市中区）
  • Year and Date: 2014-11-01 – 2014-11-01
• [Presentation] 計算解剖学による復元頭蓋骨を用いた脳形態復元と形態分析 (2014)
  • Author(s): 河内山隆紀、田邊宏樹、荻原直道
  • Organizer: 第68回日本人類学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: アクトシティ浜松 コングレスセンター（静岡県浜松市中区）
  • Year and Date: 2014-11-01 – 2014-11-01
• [Presentation] 旧人ネアンデルタールと新人ホモサピエンスのエンドキャスト形態差から考える脳機能差 (2014)
  • Author(s): 田邊宏樹、河内山隆紀、長谷川国大、天野英輝、荻原直道
  • Organizer: 第68回日本人類学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: アクトシティ浜松 コングレスセンター（静岡県浜松市中区）
  • Year and Date: 2014-11-01 – 2014-11-01
• [Presentation] 統計学的手法を用いた欠損のあるインドネシア出土ホモ・エレクトス頭骨の脳容量推定 (2014)
  • Author(s): 久保大輔、河内眞紀子、持丸正明、荻原直道、海部陽介
  • Organizer: 第68回日本人類学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: アクトシティ浜松 コングレスセンター（静岡県浜松市中区）
  • Year and Date: 2014-11-01 – 2014-11-01
• [Presentation] ネアンデルタール化石頭蓋骨の高精度復元結果から考える (2014)
  • Author(s): 荻原直道
  • Organizer: 公開講演会「ネアンデルタール人の脳機能と学習行動を探る」
  • Place of Presentation: 東京大学本郷キャンパス（東京都文京区）
  • Year and Date: 2014-09-28 – 2014-09-28
• [Presentation] Computational anatomy in neuro-archaeology -Reconstruction of the brain from skull fossil (2014)
  • Author(s): Kochiyama, T., Tanabe, H., Amano, H., Hasegawa, K., Ogihara, N.
  • Organizer: The 37th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜（神奈川県横浜市）
  • Year and Date: 2014-09-12 – 2014-09-12
• [Presentation] Comparing shape of cranium between Neanderthal and modern humans using computational neuroanatomy (2014)
  • Author(s): Tanabe, H., Kochiyama, T., Amano, H., Hasegawa, K., Kondo, O., Ogihara, N.
  • Organizer: 20th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping
  • Place of Presentation: Hamburg（ドイツ）
  • Year and Date: 2014-06-08 – 2014-06-08
• [Presentation] Estimating the cerebral and cerebellar volumes of Neanderthals and Middle Paleolithic modern humans (2014)
  • Author(s): Kubo, D., Kondo, O., Tanabe, H., Ogihara, N., Yogi, A., Murayama, S. and Ishida, H.
  • Organizer: International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences Inter-Congress 2014
  • Place of Presentation: 幕張メッセ（千葉県千葉市幕張）
  • Year and Date: 2014-05-15 – 2014-05-15
• [Book] Cerebral Sulci and Gyri Observed on Macaque Endocasts, In: Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Vol. 2 Cognitive and Physical Perspectives (2014)
  • Author(s): Kobayashi, Y., Matsui, T., Haizuka, Y., Ogihara, N., Hirai, N., Matsumura, G.
  • Total Pages: 131-137
  • Publisher: Springer
• [Book] The Coronal Suture as an Indicator of the Caudal Border of the Monkey Prefrontal Cortex, In: Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Vol. 2 Cognitive and Physical Perspectives (2014)
  • Author(s): Kobayashi, Y., Matsui, T., Haizuka, Y., Ogihara, N., Hirai, N., Matsumura, G.
  • Total Pages: 139-143
  • Publisher: Springer
• [Book] Application of Sliding Landmark Method for Morphological Analysis of Modern Japanese Neurocranial Shape, In: Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Vol. 2 Cognitive and Physical Perspectives (2014)
  • Author(s): Ogihara, N., Morita, Y., Amano, H., Kondo, O., Suzuki, H., Nakatsukasa, M.
  • Total Pages: 145-152
  • Publisher: Springer
• [Book] A Geometric Morphometric Study of Neurocranial Shape Variations in the Crania of Modern Japanese, In: Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Vol. 2 Cognitive and Physical Perspectives (2014)
  • Author(s): Morita, Y., Amano, H., Nakatsukasa, M., Kondo, O., Ogihara, N.
  • Total Pages: 153-160
  • Publisher: Springer
• [Book] Statistical Interpolation of Missing Parts in Human Crania Using Regularized Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis, In: Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Vol. 2 Cognitive and Physical Perspectives (2014)
  • Author(s): Amano, H., Morita, Y., Nagano, H., Kondo, O., Suzuki, H., Nakatsukasa, M., Ogihara, N.
  • Total Pages: 161-169
  • Publisher: Springer
• [Book] Transferring Semi-Landmarks by Minimizing Bending Energy on Surfaces, In: Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Vol. 2 Cognitive and Physical Perspectives (2014)
  • Author(s): Moriguchi, M., Suzuki, H., Michikawa, T., Ogihara, N., Kondo, O.
  • Total Pages: 171-175
  • Publisher: Springer
• [Book] CT Image Segmentation for Bone Structures Using Image-Based FEM, In: Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Vol. 2 Cognitive and Physical Perspectives (2014)
  • Author(s): Suzuki, H., Hishida, H., Michikawa, T., Ohtake, Y., Oota, S., Ogihara, N., Kondo, O.
  • Total Pages: 177-182
  • Publisher: Springer
• [Book] Virtual Endocast of Qafzeh 9: A Preliminary Assessment of Right-Left Asymmetry, In: Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Vol. 2 Cognitive and Physical Perspectives (2014)
  • Author(s): Kondo, O., Kubo, D., Suzuki, H., Ogihara, N.
  • Total Pages: 183-190
  • Publisher: Springer
• [Book] Reconstruction of the Brain from Skull Fossils Using Computational Anatomy, In: Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Vol. 2 Cognitive and Physical Perspectives (2014)
  • Author(s): Kochiyama, T., Tanabe, H.C., Ogihara, N.
  • Total Pages: 191-200
  • Publisher: Springer
• [Book] Integrated Analytical Scheme for Comparing Neanderthal’s Brain to Modern Human Brain Using Neuroimaging Techniques, In: Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Vol. 2 Cognitive and Physical Perspectives (2014)
  • Author(s): Tanabe, H.C., Kochiyama, T., Ogihara, N., Sadato, N.
  • Total Pages: 203-207
  • Publisher: Springer
• [Book] Cerebellar Size Estimation from Endocranial Measurements: An Evaluation Based on MRI Data, In: Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Vol. 2 Cognitive and Physical Perspectives (2014)
  • Author(s): Kubo, D., Tanabe, H.C., Kondo, O., Ogihara, N., Yogi, A., Murayama, S., Ishida, H.
  • Total Pages: 209-215
  • Publisher: Springer