Establishment of New Ecozones in the Oceans by Meta-genetic Community Analysis

2016 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project Area: New Ocean Paradigm on Its Biogeochemistry, Ecosystem and Sustainable Use
• Project/Area Number: 24121004
• Research Institution: The University of Tokyo
• Principal Investigator: 津田 敦 東京大学, 大気海洋研究所, 教授 (80217314)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 鈴木 光次 北海道大学, 地球環境科学研究院, 教授 (40283452) ; 浜崎 恒二 東京大学, 大気海洋研究所, 准教授 (80277871)
• Project Period (FY): 2012-06-28 – 2017-03-31
• Keywords: 生物地理 / メタゲノム解析 / 植物プランクトン / 細菌 / カイアシ類

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

微生物群集：優占するProchlorococcusが海域間で主要なエコタイプに違いがあり、エコタイプ間で尿素の取込みや分解に関わる機能に違いがあることがわかった。これは、南太平洋亜熱帯のような超貧栄養海域における代替窒素源として尿素が重要であることを示唆している。また，動物プランクトン試料の窒素固定遺伝子の解析では，太平洋の暖海域で採集されるカイアシ類には比較的高い頻度で窒素固定細菌の共存が見られることが示された。
植物群集：メタゲノム解析に加え、顕鏡観察を加えた。珪藻群集に関しては、亜寒帯域と熱帯域で主にPseudo-nitzschia属が優占したが、温帯域ではNitzschia属が、亜熱帯域ではMastogloia属が最優占し、緯度帯毎に珪藻類の群集構造が異なっていたことが示された。ハプト藻群集に関しては空間的に大きく変化し、黒潮上流ではPlymnesium属等が多く存在していたが、黒潮下流ではPhaeocystis属が主に優占した。一方、円石藻は、非主要グループであったことが判明した。以上の結果から、珪藻とハプト藻では地理分布が大きく異なるが、地理分布はおおむね従来の海流系に依存した生物区と矛盾がないことが明らかになった。
カイアシ類群集：多様性地理変化は中層からも観察され、中層の変動に最も大きな影響を持つのは表層水温であることが明らかとなった。中層の系統解析の結果、高緯度の冷水域に分布するグループは進化的に新しく分化したことが明らかとなった。また、種数（OUT）は、表層で少なく中層で増加し、従来の知見と一致するが、遺伝子多様性は、表層で高く中層で低くなった。すなわち、表層は多様な分類群が生息するが、中層は限られた分類群が進出し多くの種に種分化していることを示唆している。カイアシ類の多様性や分布は現在の海洋環境のみならず進化的な要素が大きく影響していることが示唆された。

Research Progress Status

28年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

28年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Remarks

http://ocean.fs.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/forpublic3.html
http://ocean.fs.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/essay2.html

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Phytoplankton community structure in Otsuchi Bay, northern Japan after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake and tsunami (2017)
  • Author(s): Tachibana, A. Y. Nishibe, H. Fukuda, K. Kawanobe, A. Tsuda
  • Journal Title: Jouranal of Oceanography Volume: 73 Pages: 55-65
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Characterization of the synoptic-scale diversity, biogeography and size distribution of diatoms in the North Pacific (2017)
  • Author(s): Sugie, K. and K. Suzuki
  • Journal Title: Limnology and . Oceanography Volume: in press Pages: -
  • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] 衛星による海洋基礎生産力の推定 (2017)
  • Author(s): 平譯享, 高尾信太郎, 鈴木光次, 西岡純, 渡邉豊, 伊佐田智規
  • Journal Title: 海の研究 Volume: in press Pages: -
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Phylogeography and pigment type diversity of Synechococcus cyanobacteria in surface waters of the northwestern Pacific Ocean (2017)
  • Author(s): Xia, X., F. Partensky, L. Garczarek, K. Suzuki, C. Guo, S. Y. Cheung, and H. Liu
  • Journal Title: Environmental Microbiology Volume: 19 Pages: 142-158
  • DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13541
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Influence of hydrography on the spatiotemporal variability ofphytoplankton assemblages and primary productivity in Funka Bay and the Tsugaru Strait (2017)
  • Author(s): Isada, T., T. Hirawake, S. Nakada, T. Kobayashi, K. Sasaki, Y. Tanaka, S. Watanabe, K. Suzuki, and S.-I. Saitoh
  • Journal Title: Estuarine Coastal Shelf. Science Volume: 188 Pages: 199-217
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2017.02.019
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Basin-scale distribution of prokaryotic phylotypes in the epipelagic layer of the Central South Pacific Ocean during austral summer (2017)
  • Author(s): Tada, Y., T. Shiozaki, H. Ogawa, and K. Suzuki
  • Journal Title: Journal of Oceanography Volume: 73 Pages: 145-158
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10872-016-0391-z
  • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Differences in rate and direction of shifts between phytoplankton size structure and sea surface temperature (2017)
  • Author(s): Waga, H., T. Hirawake, A. Fujiwara, T. Kikuchi, S. Nishino, K. Suzuki, S. Takao, and S.-I. Saitoh
  • Journal Title: Remote Sensing Volume: 9 Pages: 222
  • DOI: 10.3390/rs9030222
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Production and reutilization offluorescent dissolved organic matter by a marine bacterial strain, Alteromonas macleodii. (2017)
  • Author(s): Goto, S., Y. Tada, K. Suzuki, and Y. Yamashita
  • Journal Title: Frontiers in Microbiology Volume: 8 Pages: 507
  • DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00507
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Dynamics and origin of transparent exopolymer particles in the Oyashio region of the western subarctic Pacific during the spring diatom bloom. (2017)
  • Author(s): Nosaka, Y., Y. Yamashita, and K. Suzuki
  • Journal Title: Frontiers in Marine Science Volume: 4 Pages: 79
  • DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00079
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Possible association of diazotrophs with marine zooplankton in the Pacific Ocean (2017)
  • Author(s): Azimuddin, K. Md. , J. Hirai, S. Suzuki, Md. Nurul Haider, A.Tachibana, K. Watanabe, M. Kitamura, F. Hashihama, K. Takahashi, K. Hamasaki
  • Journal Title: Microbiology Open Volume: in press Pages: -
  • DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.385
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Comparison of community structures between particle-associated and free-living prokaryotes in tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean surface waters (2017)
  • Author(s): Suzuki, S., R. Kaneko, T. Kodama, F. Hashihama, S. Suwa, I. Tanita, K. Furuya, K. Hamasaki
  • Journal Title: Journal of Oceanography Volume: in press Pages: -
  • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Occurrence of Paracalanus parvus species complex in offshore waters south of Japan and their identification to species. (2016)
  • Author(s): Hidaka, K., H. Itoh, J. Hirai, A. Tsuda
  • Journal Title: Plankton and Benthos Research Volume: 11 Pages: 131-143
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Response of spring diatoms to CO2 availability in the western North Pacific as determined by next-generation sequencing (2016)
  • Author(s): Endo, H., K. Sugie, T. Yoshimura, and K. Suzuki
  • Journal Title: PLOS ONE Volume: 11 Pages: -
  • DOI: e0154291, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154291.
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Changes in the community structure of free-living heterotrophic bacteria in the open tropical Pacific in response to microalgal lysate-derived dissolved organic matter (2016)
  • Author(s): Tada, Y. and K. Suzuki
  • Journal Title: FEMS Microbiology Ecology Volume: 92 Pages: -
  • DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw099.
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Active populations of rare microbes in oceanic environments as revealed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and 454 tag sequencing (2016)
  • Author(s): Hamasaki, K., A. Taniguchi, Y. Tada, R. Kaneko, and T. Miki
  • Journal Title: Gene Volume: 576 Pages: 650-656
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Depth-dependent and seasonal variability in archaeal community structure in the subarctic and subtropical western North Pacific. (2016)
  • Author(s): Kaneko, R., T. Nagata, S. Suzuki, K. Hamasaki
  • Journal Title: Journal of Oceanography Volume: 72 Pages: 427-438
  • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Presentation] 飢餓におけるCalanus sinicus 雌成体の遺伝子発現 (2017)
  • Author(s): 大西拓也・日高清隆・下出信次・津田敦
  • Organizer: 日本海洋学会海洋生物研究会第1回シンポジウム
  • Place of Presentation: 東京海洋大学（東京・港区）
  • Year and Date: 2017-03-21 – 2017-03-22
• [Presentation] Research cruise coordination and MSR in AORI (2017)
  • Author(s): Tsuda A.
  • Organizer: 国際シンポジウム「国家管轄権外区域の海洋生物多様性の保全及び持続可能な利用と海洋法の将来」
  • Place of Presentation: 笹川平和財団ビル（東京・港区）
  • Year and Date: 2017-01-30
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Distribution and phylogeny of anaerobic anammoniu-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria in a water column of the central Pacific Ocean” International Symposium on Microbial Responses to Ocean Deoxygenation (2016)
  • Author(s): Hamasaki, K.
  • Organizer: National Institute of Oceanography Distinguished guest seminor
  • Place of Presentation: Goa, India
  • Year and Date: 2016-12-02
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] hylogeographic analysis of pelagic copepod community along 170 W (2016)
  • Author(s): Tsuda, A., J. Hirai and A. Tachibana
  • Organizer: AORI-SIO symposium for building strategic partnership
  • Place of Presentation: San Diego （U.S.A.)
  • Year and Date: 2016-10-03 – 2016-10-04
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 日本沿岸域におけるカイアシ類Acartia hudsonicaの遺伝的多様性 (2016)
  • Author(s): 立花愛子・西部裕一郎・平井惇也・津田敦
  • Organizer: 日本海洋学会秋季大会
  • Place of Presentation: 鹿児島大学（鹿児島・鹿児島市）
  • Year and Date: 2016-09-12 – 2016-09-14
• [Presentation] 太平洋における動物プランクトンと窒素固定菌の共存 (2016)
  • Author(s): 1.Kazi Md Azimuddin・平井惇也・鈴木翔太郎・Md. Nurul Haider・立花愛子・渡辺敬吾・喜多村稔・橋濱史典・高橋一生・濵﨑恒二
  • Organizer: 日本海洋学会秋季大会
  • Place of Presentation: 鹿児島大学（鹿児島・鹿児島市）
  • Year and Date: 2016-09-12
• [Presentation] Contrasting biogeography and diversity patterns between diatoms and haptophytes in the central Pacific Ocean (2016)
  • Author(s): Suzuki, K. and H. Endo
  • Organizer: Gordon Research Conferences 2016; Ocean Biogeochemistry
  • Place of Presentation: Hong Kong (China)
  • Year and Date: 2016-06-14
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 海洋の生物地球化学と生態系および持続的な利用を基盤とする新海洋像の創出 (2016)
  • Author(s): 齊藤宏明・古谷研・津田敦
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2016 年大会
  • Place of Presentation: 幕張メッセ国際会議場（千葉・千葉市）
  • Year and Date: 2016-05-22
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Impact of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami on zooplankton community in Otsuchi Bay, northeastern Japan (2016)
  • Author(s): Nishibe, Y. A. Tachibana and A. Tsuda
  • Organizer: 6th Zooplankton Production Symposium
  • Place of Presentation: Bergen (Norway)
  • Year and Date: 2016-05-09 – 2016-05-14
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Metagenetic community analysis of marine planktonic copepods in the Pacific. (2016)
  • Author(s): Hirai J. A. Tsuda
  • Organizer: 6th Zooplankton Production Symposium
  • Place of Presentation: Bergen (Norway)
  • Year and Date: 2016-05-09 – 2016-05-14
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Response of neritic copepod, Acartia omorii to climate related changes in Tokyo Bay (2016)
  • Author(s): Tachibana, A. T. Ishimaru, A. Tsuda
  • Organizer: 6th Zooplankton Production Symposium
  • Place of Presentation: Bergen (Norway)
  • Year and Date: 2016-05-09 – 2016-05-14
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 海洋における基盤研究と技術開発 (2016)
  • Author(s): 津田敦
  • Organizer: 海中観測実装工学研究センター設立記念シンポジウム
  • Place of Presentation: 東京大学生産技術研究所（東京・目黒区）
  • Year and Date: 2016-04-28
  • Invited