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2017 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

Formation of ices and organic molecules in interstellar molecular clouds

Planned Research

Project AreaEvolution of molecules in space: from interstellar clouds to proto-planetary nebulae
Project/Area Number 25108002
Research InstitutionHokkaido University

Principal Investigator

香内 晃  北海道大学, 低温科学研究所, 教授 (60161866)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 羽馬 哲也  北海道大学, 低温科学研究所, 助教 (20579172)
日高 宏  北海道大学, 低温科学研究所, 助教 (00400010)
橘 省吾  東京大学, 理学系研究科, 教授 (50361564)
薮下 彰啓  九州大学, 総合理工学研究院, 准教授 (70371151)
荒木 光典  東京理科大学, 総合研究機構, プロジェクト研究員 (90453604)
中野 英之  京都教育大学, 教育学部, 准教授 (80554310)
Project Period (FY) 2013-06-28 – 2018-03-31
Keywords星間分子雲 / 表面原子反応 / 光化学反応 / 氷 / 有機物
Outline of Annual Research Achievements

星間分子雲における,氷・有機物の生成・進化過程の全体像を明らかにすることを目的とする.本研究計画では,分子雲に存在する低温の星間塵上で起こる原子反応および光化学反応に関する実験を系統的・定量的におこなう.その上で,各種反応の反応速度,生成物の分岐比などを決定する.実験生成物の化学組成・同位体組成は分析班で分析し,観測班・理論班の研究成果を包括することにより,分子雲における化学進化の大筋を描き出す.

極低温表面原子反応実験装置を用いて,10Kで硫化水素(H2S)へH原子を照射し,引き抜き反応と続いて起こる付加反応を調べた.その結果,反応熱によって生成されたH2Sが効率的に脱離することを見いだした.この結果は,なぜ10Kという極低温にもかかわらず,星間分子雲の気相中に多種類の星間分子が存在するのかという50年来の疑問へ答えるものである.

光化学反応実験装置を用いて,不純物を含む氷(H2O, CO, CH3OH, NH3)への紫外線照射による有機物生成実験を引き続き行った.生成された有機物の粘弾性測定を-150から300℃まで行った.さらに有機物を透過型電子顕微鏡内で600℃まで加熱する実験を行い,構造および元素組成の変化を初めて明らかにした.この結果は,太陽系始原有機物と実験結果の比較により,太陽系の始原有機物がどのような組成の氷から生成されたかを明らかにすることができる事を示したものである.昨年度に氷結晶に紫外線を照射して生成されたアモルファスH2O氷を透過型電子顕微鏡で観察し,50から140Kの広い範囲で粘性の大きな液体になっていることを見出した.今年度はさらに,蒸着法で作製したアモルファスH2O氷に紫外線を照射した場合でも液化現象が生じることを確認し,形状変化を観察しなくても回折像のハローパターンを解析することにより液化現象を確認できることを見いだした.

Research Progress Status

29年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

29年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

  • Research Products

    (37 results)

All 2018 2017 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (2 results) Journal Article (21 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 5 results,  Peer Reviewed: 19 results,  Open Access: 10 results) Presentation (12 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 10 results,  Invited: 10 results) Remarks (2 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] 岩石学・地球化学研究所(フランス)

    • Country Name
      FRANCE
    • Counterpart Institution
      岩石学・地球化学研究所
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Instituto de Estructura de la Materia(スペイン)

    • Country Name
      SPAIN
    • Counterpart Institution
      Instituto de Estructura de la Materia
  • [Journal Article] An infrared measurement of chemical desorption from interstellar ice analogues2018

    • Author(s)
      Y. Oba, T. Tomaru, T. Lamberts, A. Kouchi, N. Watanabe
    • Journal Title

      Nature Astronomy

      Volume: 2 Pages: 228-232

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41550-018-0380-9

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Water diffusion in silica glass through pathways formed by hydroxyls2018

    • Author(s)
      M.Kuroda, S. Tachibana, N. Sakamoto, M. Nakamura, S. Okumura, H. Yurimoto
    • Journal Title

      American Mineralogist

      Volume: 103 Pages: 412-417

    • DOI

      10.2138/am-2018-6208

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] In situ 60Fe-60Ni systematics of chondrules from unequilibrated ordinary chondrites2018

    • Author(s)
      M. Telus, G. R. Huss, K. Nagashima, R. C. Ogliore, and S. Tachibana
    • Journal Title

      Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

      Volume: 221 Pages: 342-357

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.gca.2017.06.013

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] CO2 formation yields from different states of CO adsorbed on amorphous solid water under 157 nm photoirradiation2018

    • Author(s)
      S. Matsuda, M. Yamazaki, A. Harata, A. Yabushita
    • Journal Title

      Chemistry Letters

      Volume: 47 Pages: 468-471

    • DOI

      10.1246/cl.171121

  • [Journal Article] 超高真空極低温透過型電子顕微鏡の開発─氷のその場観察をめざして─2018

    • Author(s)
      香内晃,日高宏,羽馬哲也,木村勇気,渡部直樹,中坪俊一,藤田和之,新堀邦夫,池田正幸
    • Journal Title

      雪氷

      Volume: 80 Pages: 19-36

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 宇宙図を書き換えるフラーレンイオンC60+の発見2018

    • Author(s)
      荒木光典
    • Journal Title

      天文月報

      Volume: 5 Pages: 308-314

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 氷表面に吸着したCOの真空紫外光脱離2018

    • Author(s)
      松田晶平,山崎元気,原田明,薮下彰啓
    • Journal Title

      総合理工学報告

      Volume: 39 Pages: 1-6

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] ピンホールカメラの分解能に関する実験的研究-月面クレーターを捉えることのできるピンホールカメラをつくる-2018

    • Author(s)
      今村智陽・中野英之
    • Journal Title

      日本写真学会誌

      Volume: 81 Pages: 2-6

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 教員養成系大学の学生を対象とした液晶セルの作製実習2018

    • Author(s)
      後藤創紀・中野英之
    • Journal Title

      工学教育

      Volume: 66 Pages: 84-88

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Deuterium Fractionation upon the Formation of Hexamethylenetetramines through Photochemical Reactions of Interstellar Ice Analogs Containing Deuterated Methanol Isotopologues2017

    • Author(s)
      Y. Oba, Y. Takano, H. Naraoka, A. Kouchi, N. Watanabe
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 849 Pages: 122 (9pp)

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/aa8ea5

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] In Situ Nondestructive Analysis of Kalanchoe pinnata Leaf Surface Structure by Polarization-Modulation Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy2017

    • Author(s)
      T. Hama, A. Kouchi, N. Watanabe, S. Enami, T. Shimoaka, T. Hasegawa
    • Journal Title

      The Journal of Physical Chemistry B

      Volume: 121 Pages: 11124-11131

    • DOI

      10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09173

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Liquid-like behavior of UV-irradiated interstellar ice analog at low temperatures2017

    • Author(s)
      S. Tachibana, A. Kouchi, T. Hama, Y. Oba, L. Piani, I. Sugawara, Y. Endo, H. Hidaka, Y. Kimura, K. Murata, H. Yurimoto, and N. Watanabe
    • Journal Title

      Science Advances

      Volume: 3 Pages: eaao2538(6pp)

    • DOI

      10.1126/sciadv.aao2538

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Fast crystalline ice formation at extremely low temperature through water/neon matrix sublimation2017

    • Author(s)
      T. Hama, S. Ishizuka, T. Yamazaki, Y. Kimura, A. Kouchi, N.Watanabe, T. Sugimoto, V. Pirronello
    • Journal Title

      Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

      Volume: 19 Pages: 17677-17684

    • DOI

      10.1039/C7CP03315J

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Dust formation and wind acceleration around the aluminum oxide-rich AGB star W Hydrae2017

    • Author(s)
      A. Takigawa, T. Kamizuka, S. Tachibana and I. Yamamura
    • Journal Title

      Science Advances

      Volume: 3 Pages: eaao2149 (5pp)

    • DOI

      10.1126/sciadv.aao2149

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Formation of an ultracarbonaceous antarctic micrometeorite through minimal aqueous alteration in a small porous icy body2017

    • Author(s)
      H.Yabuta, T. Noguchi, S.Itoh, T. Nakamura, A. Miyake, S. Tsujimoto, N. Ohashi, N. Sakamoto, M. Hashiguchi , K.Abe , A. Okubo, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, S. Tachibana, R. Okazaki, K. Terada, M. Ebihara, H.Nagahara
    • Journal Title

      Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

      Volume: 214 Pages: 172-190

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.gca.2017.06.047

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Long carbon chains in the warm-carbon-chain-chemistry source L1527: First detection of C7H in molecular clouds2017

    • Author(s)
      A. Mitsunori, S. Takano, N. Sakai, S. Yamamoto, T. Oyama, N. Kuze, and K. Tsukiyama
    • Journal Title

      Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 847 Pages: 51 (7 pp)

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/aa8637

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Antimicrobial effect of blue light using Porphyromonas gingivalis pigment2017

    • Author(s)
      A. Yoshida, H. Sasaki, T. Toyama, M. Araki, J. Fujioka, K.Tsukiyama, N. Hamada, and F. Yoshino
    • Journal Title

      Scientific Reports

      Volume: 7 Pages: 5225 (9 pp)

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41598-017-05706-1

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Time resolved temperature measurement of polymer surface irradiated by mid-IR Free electron laser2017

    • Author(s)
      A. Mitsunori , T. Chiba, T. Oyama, T. Imai, and K. Tsukiyama
    • Journal Title

      Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B

      Volume: 405 Pages: 11-14

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.nimb.2017.04.093

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 星間塵表面における量子トンネル水素付加反応:その同位体効果と表面構造依存2017

    • Author(s)
      羽馬哲也,渡部直樹,香内晃
    • Journal Title

      触媒

      Volume: 59 Pages: 242-248

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 氷表面やバルク氷での化学反応2017

    • Author(s)
      薮下彰啓
    • Journal Title

      大気化学研究

      Volume: 37 Pages: 037A04 (7pp)

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Experimental Studies on the Metamorphism of Interstellar Organic Materials in Meteorites' Parent Bodies2017

    • Author(s)
      N. Hirakawa, H. Nakano, A. Kouchi
    • Journal Title

      Lunar and Planetary Science XLVIII

      Volume: 48 Pages: 1383(2pp)

  • [Presentation] In Situ Observation of Amorphous Ices by Ultrahigh Vacuum TEM2018

    • Author(s)
      A. Kouchi
    • Organizer
      2018 MRS Spring Meeting & Exhibit
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] The ortho-to-para ratio of water moleculesdesorbed from ice made from para-water monomers2018

    • Author(s)
      T. Hama
    • Organizer
      Hydride Chemistry: From Earth to Space workshop
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Role of sample return missions from small bodies in Solar System science2017

    • Author(s)
      S. Tachibana
    • Organizer
      Volatile elements in the Solar System. Winter school at the Ecole de Physique des Houches in the French Alps
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Hayabusa2: Sample return from C-type near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu2017

    • Author(s)
      S. Tachibana
    • Organizer
      Royal Astronomical Society Specialist Discussion meeting 'Science of Primitive Asteroid Sample Return Missions',
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Hayabusa2: Sample return from a C-type near Earth asteroid Ryugu2017

    • Author(s)
      S. Tachibana
    • Organizer
      Seminar at Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Ruhr-Universiat Bochum
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Nuclear spin isomers of water photodesorbed from ice at 10K towards understanding the origin of interstellar water2017

    • Author(s)
      T. Hama
    • Organizer
      The 21st East Asian Workshop on Chemical Dynamics
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Observation of liquid-like behavior of UV-irradiated amorphous ices2017

    • Author(s)
      A. Kouchi, S. Tachibana, T. Hama, Y. Oba, L. Piani, I. Sugawara, Y. Endo, H. Hidaka, Y. Kimura, K. Murata, H. Yurimoto, and N. Watanabe
    • Organizer
      Meeting on DIPPS (Dust and Ice Particles Spectroscopy and Scattering)
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Evolution of molecules in space: From interstellar clouds to proto-planetary nebulae2017

    • Author(s)
      A. Kouchi
    • Organizer
      新学術領域研究「ニュートリノフロンティアの融合と進化」研究会
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 質量分析法を用いた模擬星間物質のキャラクタリゼーション2017

    • Author(s)
      中山 美紀 , 三田 肇 , 奈良岡 浩 , 石橋 之宏 , 橘 省吾, 羽馬 哲也, 菅原 い よ, ピアニ ローレット, 香内 晃
    • Organizer
      2017年度日本地球化学会年会
  • [Presentation] Ortho-to-para ratio of water desorbed from ice and its implications for astronomy and planetary science2017

    • Author(s)
      T. Hama, A. Kouchi, N. Watanabe
    • Organizer
      ICPEAC 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Evolution of molecules in space: from interstellar clouds to proto-planetary nebula2017

    • Author(s)
      香内 晃, 橘 省吾
    • Organizer
      JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Ortho-to-para ratios of hydrogen molecules desorbed from ice at around 10 K: What happens on cosmic ice dust?2017

    • Author(s)
      N. Watanabe,H. Ueta, T. Hama, A. Kouchi
    • Organizer
      The 253thAmerican Chemical Society National Meeting
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Remarks] 北海道大学低温科学研究所 宇宙物質科学宇宙雪氷学グループHP

    • URL

      http://www.lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp/astro/index.html

  • [Remarks] 宇宙における分子進化:星間雲から原始惑星系へ

    • URL

      https://www.astromolecules.org/

URL: 

Published: 2018-12-17  

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