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2018 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Development and application of tRNA ribosome profiling technology

Planned Research

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Project AreaNascent-chain Biology
Project/Area Number 26116004
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Review Section Biological Sciences
Research InstitutionInstitute of Physical and Chemical Research

Principal Investigator

Tanaka Motomasa  国立研究開発法人理化学研究所, 脳神経科学研究センター, チームリーダー (40321781)

Project Period (FY) 2014-07-10 – 2019-03-31
Keywords翻訳 / tRNA / リボソーム
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Translation of mRNA is a fundamental biological process in living organisms. We developed a simultaneous mRNA/tRNA ribosome profiling technique that allowed us to capture both mRNA and tRNA inside ribosomes and analyze mRNA translation in details. Using this technology, we found a novel translation inhibitory mechanism in which altered tRNA is involved. In addition, we have developed mouse models of FTLD (frontotemporal lobar degeneration) and autism and found that dysregulated mRNA translation in neurons is responsible for mental disorders including impaired anxiety and social behaviors. In particular, we found that altered ocal translation in dendrites is closely involved in mental disorders.

Free Research Field

構造神経科学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

翻訳解析を行うための新たな技術を開発したことで、細胞に対して、環境ストレスなどの変化がmRNAの翻訳過程、ひいてはタンパク質の恒常性維持にどのように影響を与えているかを詳細に解析することが可能になった。また、精神・神経変性疾患モデルマウスを用いて、その脳内や神経細胞内での翻訳異常が社会性の欠如などの精神障害を導くことを見出した本研究によって、翻訳因子や翻訳制御に基づいた、精神障害に対する新たな治療戦略の開発に道を拓くと期待できる。したがって、本研究の成果は、生命科学の広い分野において波及効果を与えたと考えられる。

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Published: 2020-03-30  

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