1990 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Comparative-Historical Study on the Everyday Life in Pre-Modern Western Europe
| Project/Area Number |
01301050
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
History of Europe and America
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| Research Institution | Kyusyu University |
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Principal Investigator |
SHIGAKI Yoshio College of General Education, Kyushu University, Professor, 教養部, 教授 (80078831)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
WATANABE Masami Faculty of Humanities, Kochi University, Professor, 人文学部, 教授 (60036522)
SEHARA Yoshio Faculty of Literature, Ritsumeikan University, Professor, 文学部, 教授 (30066534)
SATOMI Motoichiro Faculty of Literature, Seisen Women's University, Professor, 文学部, 教授 (70089267)
KIMURA Syousaburo Emeritus Professor of Tokyo University, 名誉教授 (80012269)
AOYAMA Yosinobu Faculty of Literature, Japan Women's University, Professor, 文学部, 教授 (00060583)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1989 – 1990
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| Keywords | Popular Mentality / Medieval Outlook on Life and Death / Medieval Monk / Medieval Legend / Medieval Aristocracy / Medieval Burgher / Crusade / Absolutism |
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| Research Abstract |
The popular mentality of Western Europe conceivably originated in the Middle Ages. In order to inquire into the making of such medieval mentality and culture, Aoyama investigated the historical background in which the Glastonbury Abbey fabricated the remarkably detailed but fictitious legends ; Asakura considered the significance of "manual labor" in monasticism ; Yatsutsuka studied medieval people's sense of religion through the Crusade ; Watanbe approached the question of ghosts and hallucinations through miracles, saints, and sacred relics, and discussed the light and darkness of monks living in the world of fantasy.
Underlying Medieval Western Europe is the "localism" based upon agricultural society. From this viewpoint, Kimura discovered the meaning of the everyday life of medieval and modern people in the "unsuccessful" age = the Age of Absolutism, which he regards as similar to our time faced with a dark future, and argued for the establishment of the post-modern history of "harm
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ony and solidarity" ; Sabata analyzed the historical significance of private health in medieval and modern people and advanced the restoration of private health in our time facing an aging society ; Kizu analyzed the family structure of local aristocrats who came into being after the breakup and degeneration of high-born aristocrats of the early Middle Ages.
In the Middle Ages was the "universalism" uniting various local areas, so Sehara examined the sense of economy of medieval people in general, from which he tried to pick out that of city dwellers ; Hiraki groped for an approach to the history of popular life through the making of Grundherrschaft ; Inoue considered some aspects of medieval city dwellers' mentality from various angles ; Satomi discussed the making of secular chivalry and its significance in the rise of which secularism was to bring about the Renaissance.
In modern times national power begins to regulate the life and culture of the people, so Sakaguchi examined their view of the military through the Canton system of Prussian Reform ; Shigaki, drawing on the results of French historical demography, dealt with the family and sex of modern people, in particular their marriage, and clarified its practice and actual circumstances. Less
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