1989 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

遺伝暗号の多様性

Research Project

Project/Area Number	01656003
Research Institution	Tokyo Institute of Technology
Principal Investigator	渡辺公綱東京工業大学, 総合理工学研究科, 教授 (00134502)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	山尾文明国立遺伝学研究所, 変異遺伝部門, 助教授 (10158074) 田仲可昌筑波大学, 生物科学系, 助学授 (80091908) 口野嘉幸国立がんセンター研究所, 生物物理部, 部長 (60124418) 大山莞爾京都大学, 農学部, 助教授 (40135546) 大澤省三名古屋大学, 理学部, 教授 (10034620)
Keywords	遺伝暗号 / ミトコンドリア / コドン捕獲説 / UAGサプレッサー / ゼニゴケ / 細胞性粘菌 / アンチコドン構成 / tRNA
Research Abstract	本研究班は遺伝暗号の対様性に焦点を当て、各種生物における暗号変化の範囲を調べ、そのメカニズムと生物進化における要因を明らかにする目的で編成されている。(1)各種生物ミトコンドリアの遺伝子構造解析と遺伝暗号の多様性の探索:渡辺はヒトデに続き、サクラマス、イナダ、ヤリイカのミトコンドリア遺伝子の解析を進め、前2者は脊椎動物型(UGA-終止、AUA-Met)、ヤリイカは節足動物に近い暗号変化(UGA-終止、AUA-Met、AGR-Ser)を示すことを見出した。大山はゼニゴケのミトコンドリアの遺伝子について、coxlの塩基配列を決定し、9個のイントロン(maturase様の読み枠を含む)からなる遺伝子構造を明らかにした。田仲は細胞性粘菌ミトコンドリアDNAの4.3kbpの領域の遺伝子構成を明らかにし、UGA(未確認)以外は晋遍暗号が用いられ、コドンの3文字目が90%のAT含量をもつこと、tRNAも細菌型の正常な構造をとることを見出した。(2)遺伝暗号多様化のメカニズムの要因:大沢はコドン捕獲説(Codon capture hypothesis)を提唱し、マイコプラズマや繊毛虫のコドン変化のみならず、ミトコンドリアにおける遺伝暗号の変化(CUN-Thr;AGR-Serまたは終止;AUA-Met)もこの仮説で合理的に説明できることを示した。山尾はマイコプラズマの全tRNA種の構造解析を行い、暗号変化に関係すると思われる特異なコドン認識機構を見出し、各tRNA種の量的関係から細胞内のtRNA量を規定する一般則を推定した。口野はUAGナンセンスコドンをグルタミンに翻訳するサプレッサーtRNAの研究を続け、鳥類でもこのtRNAの存在を予測し、生物進化の初期からこのサプレッション機構が存在していた可能性を指摘した。井口は大腸菌のtRNA^<Thr>2のアンチコドンをアンバー型にした遺伝子を用いてサプレッサー活性を調べ、アンチコドンステムにミスマッチをもつものがこの活性が高いことを明らかにした。

Research Products
(13 results)

All Other

All Publications (13 results)

[Publications] YOKOGAWA,Takashi: "Purification and characterization of two isoacceptor tRNAs from bovine mitochondria by using a hybridization assay method" Nucleic Acids Research. 17. 2623-2638 (1989)
[Publications] JACOBS,Haward T.: "Conserved tRNA gene cluster in starfish mitochondrial DNA" Current Genetics. 156. 193-206 (1989)
[Publications] KUMAZAWA,Yoshinori: "The amimoacylation of structurally variant phenylalanine tRNAs from mitochondria and various nonmitochondrial sources by bovine mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase" Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264. 13005-13011 (1989)
[Publications] UEDA,Takuya: "Some properties of bovine mitochondrial serine tRNA gene transcript synthesized with T7 RNA polymerase" Nucleic Acids,Symposium Series. 21. 113-114 (1989)
[Publications] OSAWA,Shozo: "Evolution of the mitochondrial genetic code I.Origin of AGR serine and stop codons in metazoan mitochondria" Journal of Molecular Evolution. 29. 202-209 (1989)
[Publications] OSAWA,Shozo: "Evolution of the mitochondrial genetic code II.Reassignment of codon AUA from isoleucine to methionine" Journal of Molecular Evolution. 29. 373-380 (1989)
[Publications] HIMENO,Hyouta: "Role of the extra G-C pair at the end of the acceptor stem of tRNA^<His> in aminoacylation" Nucleic Acids Research. 17. 7855-7863 (1989)
[Publications] OSAWA,Shozo: "Codon reassignment(codon capture)in evolution" Journal of Molecular Evolution. 28. 271-278 (1989)
[Publications] OSAWA,Shozo: "Evolution of the mitochondrial genetic code III.Reassignment of CUN codons from leucine to threonine during evolution of yeast mitochondria" Journal of Molecular Evolution. 30. (1990)
[Publications] YAMAO,Fumiaki: "The tRNA levele in bacteria as affected by amino acid usage in proteins" Proceedings of The Japan Academy. 65Ser.B. 73-75 (1989)
[Publications] ANDACHI,Yoshiki: "Codon recognition patterns as deduced from sequences of the complete set of transfer RNA species in Micoplasma capricolum:Resemblance to mitochondria" Journal of Molecular Biology. 209. 37-54 (1989)
[Publications] ORII,H.: "Sequence organization and gene expression of pDGl,a plasmid found in a wild isolate of Dictyostelium" Nucleic Acids Research. 17. 1395-1408 (1989)
[Publications] KUCHINO,Yoshiyuki: "Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology,Vol.II" Springer-Verlag,Heidelberg,FRG, (1990)

1989 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

遺伝暗号の多様性

Principal Investigator

渡辺 公綱 東京工業大学, 総合理工学研究科, 教授 (00134502)

Research Products

[Publications] YOKOGAWA,Takashi: "Purification and characterization of two isoacceptor tRNAs from bovine mitochondria by using a hybridization assay method" Nucleic Acids Research. 17. 2623-2638 (1989)

[Publications] JACOBS,Haward T.: "Conserved tRNA gene cluster in starfish mitochondrial DNA" Current Genetics. 156. 193-206 (1989)

[Publications] KUMAZAWA,Yoshinori: "The amimoacylation of structurally variant phenylalanine tRNAs from mitochondria and various nonmitochondrial sources by bovine mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase" Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264. 13005-13011 (1989)

[Publications] UEDA,Takuya: "Some properties of bovine mitochondrial serine tRNA gene transcript synthesized with T7 RNA polymerase" Nucleic Acids,Symposium Series. 21. 113-114 (1989)

[Publications] OSAWA,Shozo: "Evolution of the mitochondrial genetic code I.Origin of AGR serine and stop codons in metazoan mitochondria" Journal of Molecular Evolution. 29. 202-209 (1989)

[Publications] OSAWA,Shozo: "Evolution of the mitochondrial genetic code II.Reassignment of codon AUA from isoleucine to methionine" Journal of Molecular Evolution. 29. 373-380 (1989)

[Publications] HIMENO,Hyouta: "Role of the extra G-C pair at the end of the acceptor stem of tRNA^<His> in aminoacylation" Nucleic Acids Research. 17. 7855-7863 (1989)

[Publications] OSAWA,Shozo: "Codon reassignment(codon capture)in evolution" Journal of Molecular Evolution. 28. 271-278 (1989)

[Publications] OSAWA,Shozo: "Evolution of the mitochondrial genetic code III.Reassignment of CUN codons from leucine to threonine during evolution of yeast mitochondria" Journal of Molecular Evolution. 30. (1990)

[Publications] YAMAO,Fumiaki: "The tRNA levele in bacteria as affected by amino acid usage in proteins" Proceedings of The Japan Academy. 65Ser.B. 73-75 (1989)

[Publications] ANDACHI,Yoshiki: "Codon recognition patterns as deduced from sequences of the complete set of transfer RNA species in Micoplasma capricolum:Resemblance to mitochondria" Journal of Molecular Biology. 209. 37-54 (1989)

[Publications] ORII,H.: "Sequence organization and gene expression of pDGl,a plasmid found in a wild isolate of Dictyostelium" Nucleic Acids Research. 17. 1395-1408 (1989)

[Publications] KUCHINO,Yoshiyuki: "Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology,Vol.II" Springer-Verlag,Heidelberg,FRG, (1990)

渡辺公綱東京工業大学, 総合理工学研究科, 教授 (00134502)