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1994 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary

Visual memory system and mechanisms of associative learning : Interaction between the temporal neocortex and the hippocampus

Research Project

Project/Area Number 02102008
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

MIYASHITA Yasushi  Faculty of Medcine, University of Tokyo, Professor, 医学部(医), 教授 (40114673)

Project Period (FY) 1990 – 1994
KeywordsMemory / Learning / Vision / Cerebral cortex / Hippocampus / Immediate-early genes / Neuron / Primate
Research Abstract

Neuropsychological theories proposed a critical role of the interaction between the medial temporal lobe and neocortex in the formation of long-term memory for facts and events, which has often been tested by learning of a series of paired words or figures in humans. In this research project, I have been identifying neural mechanisms underlying the memory formation by single-unit recording with an animal model of visual pair-association task in monkeys.
First, I tested a hypothesis that long-term representations of visual objects are acquired through learning in the neural network of the anterior inferotemporal (IT) cortex. I identified two mechanisms ; one is tuning and the other is association. In the IT cortex of monkeys performing the visual pair-association task, I found a group of neurons that manifested selective responses to both of the paired associates (pair-coding neuron). It provides strong evidence that single IT neurons acquire stimulus-selectivity through associative lear … More ning. Then I tested tuning mechanism by asking whether repeated exposures to a picture produce IT neurons that selectively respond to that particular form. Single-neuron activity was compared among geometrically similar patterns, only one of which had been exposed repeatedly to the monkey before the unit recording (learned pattern). I found that IT neurons responded best to the learned pattern. The reponse to a learned pattern is optimal, however, only locally, and there are presumably several local maxima in the whole form space of a single neuron. A pair-coding neuron would have at least two separate local maxima, correponding to each of the paired associates, in the form space.
Second, I tested the role of the backward signal from medial temporal lobe to IT cortex. Ibotenic acid was injected unilaterally into the entorhinal and perirhinal cortex which provide massive backward projections ipsilaterally to IT cortex. After the lesion, the monkeys could learn a new set of paired associates. I found that (i) in spite of the lesion, the neurons responded selectively to the visual stimuli, which suggests preservation of the tuning mechanism, and (ii) the paired associates failed to elicit correlated responses in the cells tested with the lesion. I conclude that the limbic lesion disrupted the associative code of the IT neurons between the paired associates, without impairing the visual response to each stimulus. These results give concrete evidence for decomposition of the primate long-term memory system into different neural mechanisms. Less

  • Research Products

    (53 results)

All Other

All Publications (53 results)

  • [Publications] Higuchi,S.: "Associative long-term memory mediated by cortical backward neuronal connections in the primate temporal cortex." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA. in press. (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Sakai,K: "Functional mapping of the human somatosensory cortex with echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. in press. (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Okuno,H: "Subdivision-specific expression of Zif268 in the hippocampal formation of the Macaque monkey." Neuroscience. in press. (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Sakai,K: "Visual imagery: An interaction between memory retrieval and focal attention." Trends Neuroscience. 17. 287-289 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Sakai,K: "Neuronal tuning and associative mechanisms in form representation." Learning and Memory. 1. 83-105 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Mori,A: "Quanatal properties of H-type glutamatergic synaptic to the striatal medium spiny neurons." Brain Res.654. 177-179 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Sakai,K: "The memory storehouse." Trends Neuroscience. 17. 513 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Sakai,K: "Neuronal tuning to learned complex forms in vision" NeuroReport. 5. 829-832 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Mori,A: "Two distinct glutamatergic synaptic inputs to the striatal medium spiny neurones of neonatal rat and paired-pulse depression" J.Physiol.476. 217-228 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Mori,A: "Quanatal properties of S-type glutamatergic synaptic input to the sttriatalmedium spiny neuron form neonatal rat." Neurosci.Lett.169. 199-202 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita,Y: "Inferior temporal cortex: where visual perception meets memory." Annu.Rev.Neurosci. 16. 245-263 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Kasai,H.: "Quanatal properties of single glutamatergic synaptic boutons in thin slices from rat neostriatum" Annals of New York Acad.Sci.707. 458-459 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Kasai,H: "Subcellular distribution of Ca^<2+> release channels underlying Ca^<2+>waves and oscillations in exocrine pancreas" Cell. 74. 669-677. (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita,Y.: "Tuning and association: neural memory mechanisms of complex visual forms in monkey temporal cortex." Biomed.Res.14. 89-94 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Iino,M.: "Critical intracellular Ca^<2+> concentration for all-or-none Ca^<2+> spiking in single smooth muscle cells" EMBOJ.12. 5287-5291 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita,Y.: "Configurational encloding of complex visual forms by single neurons of monkey temporal cortex." Neuropsychologia. 31. 1019-1031 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Maruyama,Y.: "Agonist-induced locarized Ca^<2+> rises directly triggering exocytotic secretion in exocrine pancreas." EMBOJ.12. 3017-3022 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Rolls,E.T.: "Responses of single neurons in the hippocampus of the macaque related to recognition memory." Exp.Brain Res.93. 299-306 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Sakai,K.: "Memory and imagery in the Temporal lobe" Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 3. 166-170 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Cahusac,P.M.B.: "Modification of the responses of hippocampal neurons in the monkey during the learning of a conditional spatial response task." Hippocampus. 3. 29-42 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Sakai,K.: "Neural organization for the long-term memory of paired associates" Nature. 354. 152-155 (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita,Y.: "Generation of fractal patterns for probing the visual memory." Neuroscience Research.12. 307-311 (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita,Y.: "Activity of anterior temporal cortical memory in the monkey related to a visual matching-to-sample task." Perception. 19. 329 (1990)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Higuchi, S.: "Associative long-term memory mediated by cortical backward neuronal connections in the primate temporal cortex." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA. (in press). (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Sakai, K.: "Functional mapping of the human somatosensory cortex with echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging" Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. (in press). (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Okuno, H.: "Subdivision-specific expression of Zif268 in the hippocampal formation of the Macaque monkey." Neuroscience. (in press). (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Sakai, K.Visual imagery: "An interaction between memory retrieval and focal attention." Trends Neuroscience. 17. 287-289 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Sakai, K.: "Neuronal tuning and associative mechanisms in form representation." Learning and Memory. 1. 83-105 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Mori, A.: "Quantal properties of H-type glutamatergic synaptic input to the striatal medium spiny neurons." Brain Res.654. 177-179 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Sakai, K.: "The memory storehouse." Trends Neuroscience. 17. 513 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Sakai, K.: "Neuronal tuning to learned complex forms in vision." NeuroReport. 5. 829-832 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Mori, A.: "Two distinct glutamatergic synaptic inputs to the striatal medium spiny neurones of neonatal rat and pairedpulse depression." J.Physiol.476. 217-228 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Mori, A.: "Quantal properties of S-type glutamatergic synaptic input to the sttriatalmedium spiny neuron from neonatal rat." Neurosci.Lett.169. 199-202 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita, Y.: "Inferior temporal cortex : whre visual perception meets memory." Annu.Rev.Neurosci.16. 245-263 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Kasai, H.: "Quantal properties of single glutamatergic synaptic boutons in thin slices from rat neostriatum." Annals of New York Acad.Sci.707. 458-459 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita, Y.: "Neural mechanisms of the pictorial long-term memory in the primate temporal cortex." In : Brain Mechanisms of Perception and Memory (eds.T.Ono, L.R.Squire, M.E.Raichle, D.I.Perrett & M.Fukuda), Oxford University Press. 397-404 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Kasai, H.: "Subcellular distribution of Ca^<2+> release channels underlying Ca^<2+> waves and oscillations in exocrine pancreas." Cell. 74. 669-677 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita, Y.: "Tuning and association : neural memory mechanisms of complex visual forms in monkey temporal cortex." Biomed.Res.14. 89-94 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Iino, M.: "Critical intracellular Ca^<2+> concentration for all-or-none Ca^<2+> spiking in single smooth muscle cells." EMBO J.12. 5287-5291 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita, Y.: "Configurational encloding of complex visual forms by single neurons of monkey temporal cortex." Neuropsychologia. 31. 1019-1031 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Maruyama, Y.: "Agonist-induced locarized Ca^<2+> rises directly triggering exocytotic secretion in exocrine pancreas." EMBO J.12. 3017-3022 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Rolls, E.T.: "Responses of single neurons in the hippocampus of the macaque related to recognition memory." Exp.Brain Res.93. 299-306 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita, Y.: "Visual information processing and memory in the cerebral cortex." Sut Bulletin. 10. 3-10 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Sakai, K.: "Memory and imagery in the Temporal lobe." Current Optinion in Neurobiology. 3. 166-170 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Cahusac, P.M.B.: "Modification of the responses of hippocampal neurons in the monkey during the learning of a conditional spatial response task." Hippocampus. 3. 29-42 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita, Y.: "A hypothesis on primate long-term memory : neurophysiological evidence in the primate temporal cortex." In : Neuropsychology of memory, second edition (eds.L.R.Squire and N.Butters.), The guilford press, New York. 347-356 (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita, Y.: "Localizaiotn of primal long-term memory in the primate temporal cortex." In : Memory : locus and change (ed.L.R.Squire, N.M.Weinberger, G.Lynch, J.L.McGaugh), Oxford University Press. 239-249 (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Sakai, K.: "Neural organization for the long-term memory of paired associates." Nature. 354. 152-155 (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita, Y.: "Generation of fractal patterns for probing the visual memory." Neuroscience Research. 12. 307-311 (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Sakai, K.: "Single neurons in primate temporal ocrtex code both pictures of paired associates stored in long-term memory." Neuroscience Research. 16. 9 (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita, Y.: "Primal long-term memory in the primate temporal cortex : linkage between visual perception and memory" In : Representations of Vision : Trends and tacit assumptions in vision research. (ed.A.Gorea) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 141-152 (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita, Y.: "Associative representation of the visual long-term memory in the neurons of the primate temporal cortex." In : Vision Memory and Temporal Lobe (eds.E.Iwai & M.Mishkin) Elsevier, New York. 75-87 (1990)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Miyashita, Y.: "Activity of anterior temporal cortical neurons in the monkey related to a visual matching-to-sample task." Perception. 19. 329 (1990)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より

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Published: 1996-04-15  

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