1991 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

宿主特異的毒素に依存する植物感染の分子病理学の樹立

Research Project

Project/Area Number	02304019
Research Institution	Tottori University
Principal Investigator	甲元啓介鳥取大学, 農学部, 教授 (80032093)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	小林裕和靜岡県立大学, 食品栄養科学部, 助教授 (80170348) 柘植尚志名古屋大学, 農学部, 助教授 (30192644) 中塚進一岐阜大学, 農学部, 助教授 (30109318) 荒瀬栄島根大学, 農学部, 助教授 (40127478) 尾谷浩鳥取大学, 農学部, 教授 (50032305)
Keywords	宿主特異的毒素 / 感染誘発効果 / 毒素レセプタ- / 細胞膜変性像 / 病原性遺伝子
Research Abstract	前年度の研究成果検討会(名古屋)を平成3年4月5日に開催し、研究生デ-タの評価と今後の有機的研究展開をめぐって議論を深めた。また、7月に三重で、12月に鳥取で中間検討会を開催し、研究情報の交換に努めた。 1.毒素分子種と宿主特異性:(1)pigeon peaのleaf spot病菌の胞子発芽液から宿主特異的毒素(HST)を単離した。(2)Bipolaris zeicola race 3から部分純化されたイネ特異的毒素は3成分からなり、単独では活性がないが、混合すると感染誘発効果を発揮した。(3)イネいもち病菌の胞子発芽液から、各種クロマトグラフで純化された毒素は、いもち病菌が病原性を示した植物だけに感染誘発効果をもち、電解質の異常漏出を引き起こした。 2.毒素分子の構造決定:Cochliobolus spiciferの毒素spiciferinoneの構造を決定した。 3.毒素生合成経路の解析:(1)speciferone及びspeciferninの炭素原子はすべて酢酸とメチオニンのSーメチルに由来した。(2)AM毒素構成アミノ酸依存のATP/PPi交換反応がリンゴ斑点落葉病菌に検出された。 4.選択的毒素作用:(1)AF毒素のホモログによる毒素作用の保護効果から毒素レセプタ-の存在が示唆された。 (2)AM毒素による感染誘発効果発現には葉緑体は関係がない。(3)純化した感受性ナシ細胞膜にAK毒素が結合する。(4)AK毒素処理した感受性ナシ細胞では、引き起こされた細胞膜の陥入部位に多量の膜断片の集積を伴う。これには膜厚が細胞膜のそれと同じ小胞状膜片と、細胞膜より厚い小胞状膜片あるいは層状膜片があり、後者が病理的変性像である。 5.病原性遺伝子:Alternariaの形質転換系における外来DNAの相同的組み替え機構を解析し、その頻度がベクタ-に組み込む染色体DNA断片のサイズと染色体ゲノム当たりのコピ-数に依存することを見いだした。これを利用して本菌の遺伝子破壊法を確立した。

Research Products

(16 results)

All Other

All Publications (16 results)

[Publications] Shimomura,N,et al.: "Two action sites of AMーtoxin produced by Alternaria alternata apple pathotype and their pathological significance" Ann.Phytopath.Soc.Japan. 57. 247-255 (1991)
[Publications] Kodama,M.,et al.: "Effect of ALーtoxin produced by Alternaria alternata tomato pathotype on viability of cultured tomato cells determined by MTTーcolorimetric assay" Ann.Phytopath.Soc.Japan. 57. 663-670 (1991)
[Publications] Kawaguchi,I.,et al.: "Changes in amino acid and amine contents of susceptible tomato infected with Alternaria alternata tomato pathotype and and treated with ALーtoxin" Ann.Phytopath.Soc.Japan. 57. 526-533 (1991)
[Publications] Lee,S.ーS.,et al.: "Effect of hostーspecific AFーtoxins from Alternaria alternata strawberry pathotype on viability of strawberry cultured cells" Ann.Phytopath.Soc.Japan. 57. 671-679 (1991)
[Publications] Kohmoto,K.,et al.: "Host recognition by toxigenic plant pathogens" Experientia. 47. 755-764 (1991)
[Publications] Kohmoto,K.,et al.: "Correlation of resistance and susceptibility of citrus to Alternaria alternata with sensitivity to hostーspecific toxins" Phytopathology. 81. 719-722 (1991)
[Publications] Xiao,J.Z.,et al.: "Riceーspecific toxins produced by Bipolaris zeicola race 3: Evidence for role as pathogenicity factors for rice and maize prants" Physiol.Mol ec.Plant Pathol.38. 67-82 (1991)
[Publications] Kobayashi,H.,et al.: "Sequence and expression of genes encoding the large and small subunits of ribulose 1,5ーbisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Chromatium vinosum" Gene. 97. 55-62 (1991)
[Publications] Park,P.,et al.: "Temporary activation of cellular metabolism in susceptible Japanese pear leaves responding with AKーtoxin(Ultrastructural morphometric study)" Ann.Phytopath.Soc.Japan. 58. (1992)
[Publications] Shimomura,N.,et al.: "Effects of light and SHーreagent on ultrastructural changes in leaf cells induced by AMーtoxin from Alternata alternata apple pathotype" Ann.Phytopath.Soc.Japan. 58. (1992)
[Publications] Nakajima,H.,et al.: "Spiciferinone,an azaphilone phytotoxin produced by the fungus Cochliobolus spicifer" Phytochemistry. 30. 105-107 (1992)
[Publications] Lee,S.ーS.,et al.: "Protective effect of homologues of hostーspecific AFーtoxin I produced by Alternaria alternata strawberry pathotype on strawberry cells" J.Phytopathology. (1992)
[Publications] Arase,S.,et al.: "Induction of inaccessibility to Pyricularia oryzae by preーinoculation of P.grisea in rice leafーsheath cells" J.Phytopathology. (1992)
[Publications] Arase,S.,et al.: "Effect of thermal and cycloheximide preーtreatments on light dependent necrosis formation to rice leaves by Pyricularia oryzae toxins" J.Phytopathology. (1992)
[Publications] 久能均(編) (柘植・分担執筆): "生物相互間の認識機構" 日本植物病理学会, 145 (1991)
[Publications] J.Chelkowski(ed.) (Otani,H & Kohmoto,K.分担執筆): "AlternariaーMetabolites,Biology and Plant Diseases" Elsevier Sci.Publ.,

1991 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

宿主特異的毒素に依存する植物感染の分子病理学の樹立

Principal Investigator

甲元 啓介 鳥取大学, 農学部, 教授 (80032093)

Research Products

[Publications] Shimomura,N,et al.: "Two action sites of AMーtoxin produced by Alternaria alternata apple pathotype and their pathological significance" Ann.Phytopath.Soc.Japan. 57. 247-255 (1991)

[Publications] Kodama,M.,et al.: "Effect of ALーtoxin produced by Alternaria alternata tomato pathotype on viability of cultured tomato cells determined by MTTーcolorimetric assay" Ann.Phytopath.Soc.Japan. 57. 663-670 (1991)

[Publications] Kawaguchi,I.,et al.: "Changes in amino acid and amine contents of susceptible tomato infected with Alternaria alternata tomato pathotype and and treated with ALーtoxin" Ann.Phytopath.Soc.Japan. 57. 526-533 (1991)

[Publications] Lee,S.ーS.,et al.: "Effect of hostーspecific AFーtoxins from Alternaria alternata strawberry pathotype on viability of strawberry cultured cells" Ann.Phytopath.Soc.Japan. 57. 671-679 (1991)

[Publications] Kohmoto,K.,et al.: "Host recognition by toxigenic plant pathogens" Experientia. 47. 755-764 (1991)

[Publications] Kohmoto,K.,et al.: "Correlation of resistance and susceptibility of citrus to Alternaria alternata with sensitivity to hostーspecific toxins" Phytopathology. 81. 719-722 (1991)

[Publications] Xiao,J.Z.,et al.: "Riceーspecific toxins produced by Bipolaris zeicola race 3: Evidence for role as pathogenicity factors for rice and maize prants" Physiol.Mol ec.Plant Pathol.38. 67-82 (1991)

[Publications] Kobayashi,H.,et al.: "Sequence and expression of genes encoding the large and small subunits of ribulose 1,5ーbisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Chromatium vinosum" Gene. 97. 55-62 (1991)

[Publications] Park,P.,et al.: "Temporary activation of cellular metabolism in susceptible Japanese pear leaves responding with AKーtoxin(Ultrastructural morphometric study)" Ann.Phytopath.Soc.Japan. 58. (1992)

[Publications] Shimomura,N.,et al.: "Effects of light and SHーreagent on ultrastructural changes in leaf cells induced by AMーtoxin from Alternata alternata apple pathotype" Ann.Phytopath.Soc.Japan. 58. (1992)

[Publications] Nakajima,H.,et al.: "Spiciferinone,an azaphilone phytotoxin produced by the fungus Cochliobolus spicifer" Phytochemistry. 30. 105-107 (1992)

[Publications] Lee,S.ーS.,et al.: "Protective effect of homologues of hostーspecific AFーtoxin I produced by Alternaria alternata strawberry pathotype on strawberry cells" J.Phytopathology. (1992)

[Publications] Arase,S.,et al.: "Induction of inaccessibility to Pyricularia oryzae by preーinoculation of P.grisea in rice leafーsheath cells" J.Phytopathology. (1992)

[Publications] Arase,S.,et al.: "Effect of thermal and cycloheximide preーtreatments on light dependent necrosis formation to rice leaves by Pyricularia oryzae toxins" J.Phytopathology. (1992)

[Publications] 久能 均(編) (柘植・分担執筆): "生物相互間の認識機構" 日本植物病理学会, 145 (1991)

[Publications] J.Chelkowski(ed.) (Otani,H & Kohmoto,K.分担執筆): "AlternariaーMetabolites,Biology and Plant Diseases" Elsevier Sci.Publ.,

甲元啓介鳥取大学, 農学部, 教授 (80032093)

[Publications] 久能均(編) (柘植・分担執筆): "生物相互間の認識機構" 日本植物病理学会, 145 (1991)