1992 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

宿主特異的毒素に依存する植物感染の分子病理学の樹立

Research Project

Project/Area Number	02304019
Research Institution	TOTTORI UNIVERSITY
Principal Investigator	甲元啓介鳥取大学, 農学部, 教授 (80032093)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	小林裕和静岡県立大学, 食品栄養科学部, 助教授 (80170348) 柘植尚志名古屋大学, 農学部, 助教授 (30192644) 中塚進一岐阜大学, 農学部, 助教授 (30109318) 中島広光鳥取大学, 農学部, 助教授 (40144646) 尾谷浩鳥取大学, 農学部, 教授 (50032305)
Keywords	宿主特異的毒素 / 環状デプシペプチド / 病原性遺伝子 / 毒素の生合成経路 / 病原性調節因子
Research Abstract	本プロジェクトの最終年度にあたり、平成4年5月と11月に実験データの相互検討と研究展開について意見交換し、あわせて随時、補完的に研究代表者が小グループごとに議論を深めてきた。分野によっては研究進展に遅速があるが、研究材料自体が抱える困難性に由来するもので、全体としては当初の目的が達成された。 1.毒素分子種と宿主特異性:米国産リンゴ斑点落葉病菌およびイタリア産ナシ黒斑病菌がそれぞれ鎌M毒素I,AK毒素Iを生産していることを毒素の単離、機器分析で確認した。大洋を隔てた遠隔地にスポット的に発生した両病原菌の起源を求めてRFLP分析を行なった。 2.構造決定:Bipolaris zeicola race3の生成するBZR毒素の構造(環状デプシペプチド)を決定した。 3.生合成機構:(1)標識基質や中間代謝産物の取込実験から、AK,AF,AC升毒素生合成経路が推定された。(2)AM毒素生合成に関与する複合酵素系が部分純化できた。本活性は病原性保持菌株だけに検出された。 4.選択的毒素作用:(1)AK毒素はsub-lethal dose(10^<-10>M)で感受性ナシプロトプラストに多糖類の生産を誘導した。受容性誘導シグナルとしての役割が今後の研究課題となる。(2)pigeon peaの斑点病菌の生成するATC毒素の第一次作用点は感受性細胞のミトコンドリアにある。 5.病原性遺伝子:(1)アルターナリア病原菌の染色体遺伝子を単離するモデル実験系が確立された。"3-(1)"で確明される代謝経路の細部解析との連携で病原性遺伝子のクローニングが可能となろう。(2)ナシ黒斑病菌の病原性発見を制御するプラスミドDNAがミトコンドリアに存在する。(3)HC毒素の生合成遺伝子のDNA配列オリゴマーによるAM毒素生合成遺伝子の検索を開始した。

Research Products
(19 results)

All Other

All Publications (19 results)

[Publications] Arase,S.,et al.: "Induction of inaccessibility to Pyricularia oryzae by pre-inoculation of P.grisea in rice leaf-sheath cells" J.Phytopathology. 134. 97-102 (1992)
[Publications] Arase,S.,et al.: "Effects of thermal and cycloheximide pre-treatments on light-dependent necrosis formation to rice leaves by Pyricuraria oryzae toxin(s)" J,Pgytopathology. 135. (1993)
[Publications] ITOH,Y.,et al.: "A toxin from the tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata that has selective toxivety to Japanese pear" Ann.Phytopathol.Soc.Japan. 59. (1993)
[Publications] Kohmoto,K.,et al.: "Isolation and biological activities of two host-specific toxins from the tangerine pathotype of Alteinaria alternata" Phytopathology. 83. (1993)
[Publications] 甲元啓介: "植物病原糸状菌による宿主識別に宿主特異的毒素の介在とその分子機構" 学術月報. 46. (1993)
[Publications] Nakajima,H.,et al.: "Biosynghesis of spicifernin,a unique metabolieta of the phytopathogenic fungus,Cochliobolus rpicifer" J.Chim.SoC.,Chem.Commun.,. 1992. 1654-1656 (1992)
[Publications] Lee,S.-S.,et al.: "Protective effect of hoologues of host-specific AF-toxin I produced by Alternaria alternata strawberry paghotype on strawberry cells" J.Phytopathol.135. 177-186 (1992)
[Publications] Nutsugah,S.K.,et al.: "Production of a host-specific toxin by germinating spores of Alternaria tinuissima causing leaf spot of pigeon pea" J.Phytopathol.136. (1993)
[Publications] Nutsugah,S.K.,et al.: "Ultrastructural changes in pigeon pea cells caused by a host-specific toxin from Alternaria temuissima" Ann.Phytopathol.Soc.Japan. 59. (1993)
[Publications] Orolaza,N.P.,et al.: "Effect of AL-toxin produced ny Alternaria alternata tomato paghotype on cultured roots of tomato" Ann.Phytopathol.Soc.Japan. 58. 411-415 (1992)
[Publications] 尾谷浩他: "病原菌の宿主特異性とその分子機構:宿主特異性と宿主特異的毒素" 植物細胞工学. 5. 5-11 (1993)
[Publications] Park,P.,et al.: "Slightly damaged type of plasma membrane in strawberry leaves treated with AF-toxin I produced by Alternaria alternata straw-berry pathotype" ANN.Phytopathol.Soc.Japan. 58. 431-445 (1992)
[Publications] Park,P.,et al.: "Temporary sctivation of cellular metabolism in susceptible Japanese pear leaves responding to AK-toxin(Ultrastructural morphometric studies)" Ann.Phytopathol.Soc.Japan. 58. 234-243 (1992)
[Publications] Shimomura,N.,et al.: "Effects of light and SH-reagent on ultrastructural changes in leaf cells induced by AM-toxin from Alternaria altermata apple pathotype" Ann.Phytopathol.Soc.Japan. 58. 315-319 (1992)
[Publications] 柘植尚志他: "植物病原糸状菌のRFLP" 植物防疫. 46. 315-319 (1992)
[Publications] Xiao,J.,-Z.,et al.: "Further evaluation of the significance of BZR-toxin produced by Bipolaris zeicola race 3 in pathogenesis on rice and maize plants" Physiol.Molec Plant Pathol.40. 359-370 (1992)
[Publications] Kohmoto,K.,et al.: "Occurrence of ghe Japanese pear pathotype of Alternaria alternata in pear orchards in Italy" Phytopathologia Mediterranea. 31. 141-147 (1992)
[Publications] J.Chelkowski et al.(Eds.)(H.Otani & K.Kohmoto,): "Alternaria:Biology,Plant Diseases and Metabolites(Chapter,Host-Specific Toxins Alternaria species)" Elsevier, 573 (1992)
[Publications] H.F.Linskens et al.(Eds.)(K.Kohmoto): "Modern Methods of Plant Analysis(N.S.)vol.13 Plant Toxin Analysis(Chapter,Determination of Host-Spec2fic Toxins)" Springer-Verlag, 389 (1992)

1992 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

宿主特異的毒素に依存する植物感染の分子病理学の樹立

Principal Investigator

甲元 啓介 鳥取大学, 農学部, 教授 (80032093)

Research Products

[Publications] Arase,S.,et al.: "Induction of inaccessibility to Pyricularia oryzae by pre-inoculation of P.grisea in rice leaf-sheath cells" J.Phytopathology. 134. 97-102 (1992)

[Publications] Arase,S.,et al.: "Effects of thermal and cycloheximide pre-treatments on light-dependent necrosis formation to rice leaves by Pyricuraria oryzae toxin(s)" J,Pgytopathology. 135. (1993)

[Publications] ITOH,Y.,et al.: "A toxin from the tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata that has selective toxivety to Japanese pear" Ann.Phytopathol.Soc.Japan. 59. (1993)

[Publications] Kohmoto,K.,et al.: "Isolation and biological activities of two host-specific toxins from the tangerine pathotype of Alteinaria alternata" Phytopathology. 83. (1993)

[Publications] 甲元啓介: "植物病原糸状菌による宿主識別に宿主特異的毒素の介在とその分子機構" 学術月報. 46. (1993)

[Publications] Nakajima,H.,et al.: "Biosynghesis of spicifernin,a unique metabolieta of the phytopathogenic fungus,Cochliobolus rpicifer" J.Chim.SoC.,Chem.Commun.,. 1992. 1654-1656 (1992)

[Publications] Lee,S.-S.,et al.: "Protective effect of hoologues of host-specific AF-toxin I produced by Alternaria alternata strawberry paghotype on strawberry cells" J.Phytopathol.135. 177-186 (1992)

[Publications] Nutsugah,S.K.,et al.: "Production of a host-specific toxin by germinating spores of Alternaria tinuissima causing leaf spot of pigeon pea" J.Phytopathol.136. (1993)

[Publications] Nutsugah,S.K.,et al.: "Ultrastructural changes in pigeon pea cells caused by a host-specific toxin from Alternaria temuissima" Ann.Phytopathol.Soc.Japan. 59. (1993)

[Publications] Orolaza,N.P.,et al.: "Effect of AL-toxin produced ny Alternaria alternata tomato paghotype on cultured roots of tomato" Ann.Phytopathol.Soc.Japan. 58. 411-415 (1992)

[Publications] 尾谷 浩 他: "病原菌の宿主特異性とその分子機構:宿主特異性と宿主特異的毒素" 植物細胞工学. 5. 5-11 (1993)

[Publications] Park,P.,et al.: "Slightly damaged type of plasma membrane in strawberry leaves treated with AF-toxin I produced by Alternaria alternata straw-berry pathotype" ANN.Phytopathol.Soc.Japan. 58. 431-445 (1992)

[Publications] Park,P.,et al.: "Temporary sctivation of cellular metabolism in susceptible Japanese pear leaves responding to AK-toxin(Ultrastructural morphometric studies)" Ann.Phytopathol.Soc.Japan. 58. 234-243 (1992)

[Publications] Shimomura,N.,et al.: "Effects of light and SH-reagent on ultrastructural changes in leaf cells induced by AM-toxin from Alternaria altermata apple pathotype" Ann.Phytopathol.Soc.Japan. 58. 315-319 (1992)

[Publications] 柘植 尚志 他: "植物病原糸状菌のRFLP" 植物防疫. 46. 315-319 (1992)

[Publications] Xiao,J.,-Z.,et al.: "Further evaluation of the significance of BZR-toxin produced by Bipolaris zeicola race 3 in pathogenesis on rice and maize plants" Physiol.Molec Plant Pathol.40. 359-370 (1992)

[Publications] Kohmoto,K.,et al.: "Occurrence of ghe Japanese pear pathotype of Alternaria alternata in pear orchards in Italy" Phytopathologia Mediterranea. 31. 141-147 (1992)

[Publications] J.Chelkowski et al.(Eds.)(H.Otani & K.Kohmoto,): "Alternaria:Biology,Plant Diseases and Metabolites(Chapter,Host-Specific Toxins Alternaria species)" Elsevier, 573 (1992)

[Publications] H.F.Linskens et al.(Eds.)(K.Kohmoto): "Modern Methods of Plant Analysis(N.S.)vol.13 Plant Toxin Analysis(Chapter,Determination of Host-Spec2fic Toxins)" Springer-Verlag, 389 (1992)

甲元啓介鳥取大学, 農学部, 教授 (80032093)

[Publications] 尾谷浩他: "病原菌の宿主特異性とその分子機構:宿主特異性と宿主特異的毒素" 植物細胞工学. 5. 5-11 (1993)

[Publications] 柘植尚志他: "植物病原糸状菌のRFLP" 植物防疫. 46. 315-319 (1992)