1991 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

コドン選択

Research Project

Project/Area Number	03222105
Research Institution	National Institute of Genetics
Principal Investigator	池村淑道国立遺伝学研究所, 集団遺伝研究系, 教授 (50025475)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	真木寿治九州大学, 医学部, 助手 (20199649) 三田和英放射線医学総合研究所, 生物研究部, 主任研究官 (30159165) 熊谷泉東京大学, 工学部, 講師 (10161689) 五條堀孝国立遺伝学研究所, 遺伝情報研究センター, 教授 (50162136) 武藤あきら名古屋大学, 理学部, 助教授 (80034635)
Keywords	コドン / 塩基組成 / 塩基置換 / 遺伝子工学 / 突然変異 / 遺伝暗号 / 変異圧 / 遺伝情報
Research Abstract	コドン選択を決めている要因を網羅的に解析し、コドン選択の持つ生物学的意味の総合的理解を目指した。コドン3文字目が極端にGCに富むヒト遺伝子類が熱安定性の高いTバンドや末端Rバンドに集中する傾向を見い出した。ヒト染色体では染色体ごとにTバンド領域の大きさが異なるが、この染色体ごとの性質と、コドン選択とが関連することが示された。GC含量の大きく変化する領域での構造解析を行った(池村)。温血動物でポリユビキチン遺伝子はGCに富む領域に、モノユビキチン遺伝子はATに富む領域に位置すると推定され、異なったコドン選択性を有する。遺伝子発現機構との関係を解析した(三田)。コドン選択性と蛋白質合成効率の関係を明らかにした。放線菌へ低使用頻度コドンを持つ遺伝子を導入すると、蛋白合成率が低いことが示され、その際のUUA解読もRNAの働きが明らかになった(熊谷)。コドン3文字目によるAT/GC使用の相殺調節を解析し、種の特異性を超えた塩基配列に関する共通法則を求めた(和田)。方向性のある変異圧によりコドン選択に偏りが生じ不使用コドンができ,tRNAも使用されずunassigned codonを生じ、tRNAの変化で他のアミノ酸に捕獲される。強いAT圧が働いたマイコプラズマでのコドン、アンチコドンの系統を追った変化をたどり、UGAのTrpコドンへの変化の道筋を明らかにした(武藤)。HIVとHBVウィルスでの塩基置換パタ-ンの解析から複製酵素のエラ-生成時の性質の差を明らかにし、AT/GC圧を量的に推定する方法を開発した(五條堀)。方向性のある変異圧とDNA複製機構との関連につき、大腸菌mutT遺伝子産物を用いた酵素学的解析を行った。AーTからCーGへのトランスバ-ジョンがヌクレオチドプ-ルに含まれる微量の変異原性誘導体に起因し、mutT蛋白質はこれを分解する酵素であるとの結果を得た(真木)。

Research Products
(23 results)

All Other

All Publications (23 results)

[Publications] Wada,K.: "Codon usage tabulated from the GenBank genetic sequence data." Nucl.Acids Res.Supplement. 19. 1981-1986 (1991)
[Publications] Ikemura,T.: "Evident diversity of codon usage patterns of human genes with respect to chromosome banding patterns and chromosome numbers;relation between nucleotide sequence data and cytogenetic data." Nucl.Acids Res.19. 4333-4339 (1991)
[Publications] Matsumoto,K.: "Cluster of fibronectin type III repeats found in the human major histocompatibility complex class III region shows the highest homology with the repeats in an extracellular matrix protein,tenascin." Genomics. 12. 485-491 (1992)
[Publications] Yamao,F.: "Levels of tRNAs in bacterial cells as affected by amino acid usage in proteins." Nucl.Acids Res.19. 6119-6122 (1991)
[Publications] Tanaka,R.: "Evolution of tRNAs and tRNA genes in Acholeplasma laidlawii." Nucl.Acids Res.19. 6787-6792 (1991)
[Publications] Oba,T.: "CGG:An unassigned or nonsense codon in Mycoplasma capricolum." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA. 88. 921-925 (1991)
[Publications] Oba,T.: "Translation in vitro of codon UGA as tryptophan in Mycoplasma capricolum." Biochemie. 73. 1109-1112 (1991)
[Publications] Wada,A.: "Phenomenological theory of GC/AT pressure on DNA base composition." J.Mol.Evol.32. 374-378 (1991)
[Publications] Nakamura,T.: "Two types of linkage between codon usage and geneーexpression levels." FEBS. 289. 123-125 (1991)
[Publications] Taguchi,S.: "Relationship between utilization of dual translational initiation signals and protein processing in Streptomyces." Mol.Gen.Genet.226. 328-331 (1991)
[Publications] Moriyama,E.N.: "Mutation pattern of human immunodeficiency virus genes." J.Mol.Evol.32. 360-363 (1991)
[Publications] Ina,Y.: "Mutation pattern of hepatitis B viruses and its implication for the effect of the antiーviral drugs." Mol.Biol.Evol.
[Publications] Imanishi,T.: "Patterns of nucleotide substitution inferred from the phylogenies of the class I major histocompatibility complex genes." J.Mol.Evol.
[Publications] Moriyama,E.N.: "Rates of synonymous substitution and base composition of nuclear genes in Drosophila." Genetics.
[Publications] Ikeo,K.: "Evolutionary origin of a Kunitzーtype trypsin inhibitor domain inserted in the amyloid beta precursor protein of Alzheimer's disease." J.Mol.Evol.
[Publications] Maki,H.: "A strong mutator effect caused by an aminoacid changes in the α subunit of DNA polymerase III of Escherichia coli." J.Biol.Chem.266. 5055-5061 (1991)
[Publications] Mo,J.ーY.: "Mutational specificity of the dnaE173 mutator associated with a defect in the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase III of Escherichia coli." J.Mol.Biol.222. 925-936 (1991)
[Publications] Maki,H.: "MutT protein specifically hydrolyzes 8ーoxodGTP,a potent mutagenic substrate for DNA syntehsis." Nature. 355. 273-275 (1992)
[Publications] Mita,K.: "Essential factors determining codon usage in ubiquitin genes." J.Mol.Evol.33. 216-225 (1991)
[Publications] Mita,K.: "Highty repetitive structure and its organization of silk fibroin gene." J.Cell Biol.115. 90a (1991)
[Publications] Ikemura,T.: "Aminoacyl tRNA(Anticodon):Codon adaptation" CRC Press,Florida,USA, 20 (1992)
[Publications] Matsumoto,K.: "HLA 1991" Oxford Univ.Press, 6 (1992)
[Publications] Ikemura,T.: "HLA 1991" Oxford Univ.Press, 4 (1992)

1991 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

コドン選択

Principal Investigator

池村 淑道 国立遺伝学研究所, 集団遺伝研究系, 教授 (50025475)

Research Products

[Publications] Wada,K.: "Codon usage tabulated from the GenBank genetic sequence data." Nucl.Acids Res.Supplement. 19. 1981-1986 (1991)

[Publications] Ikemura,T.: "Evident diversity of codon usage patterns of human genes with respect to chromosome banding patterns and chromosome numbers;relation between nucleotide sequence data and cytogenetic data." Nucl.Acids Res.19. 4333-4339 (1991)

[Publications] Matsumoto,K.: "Cluster of fibronectin type III repeats found in the human major histocompatibility complex class III region shows the highest homology with the repeats in an extracellular matrix protein,tenascin." Genomics. 12. 485-491 (1992)

[Publications] Yamao,F.: "Levels of tRNAs in bacterial cells as affected by amino acid usage in proteins." Nucl.Acids Res.19. 6119-6122 (1991)

[Publications] Tanaka,R.: "Evolution of tRNAs and tRNA genes in Acholeplasma laidlawii." Nucl.Acids Res.19. 6787-6792 (1991)

[Publications] Oba,T.: "CGG:An unassigned or nonsense codon in Mycoplasma capricolum." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA. 88. 921-925 (1991)

[Publications] Oba,T.: "Translation in vitro of codon UGA as tryptophan in Mycoplasma capricolum." Biochemie. 73. 1109-1112 (1991)

[Publications] Wada,A.: "Phenomenological theory of GC/AT pressure on DNA base composition." J.Mol.Evol.32. 374-378 (1991)

[Publications] Nakamura,T.: "Two types of linkage between codon usage and geneーexpression levels." FEBS. 289. 123-125 (1991)

[Publications] Taguchi,S.: "Relationship between utilization of dual translational initiation signals and protein processing in Streptomyces." Mol.Gen.Genet.226. 328-331 (1991)

[Publications] Moriyama,E.N.: "Mutation pattern of human immunodeficiency virus genes." J.Mol.Evol.32. 360-363 (1991)

[Publications] Ina,Y.: "Mutation pattern of hepatitis B viruses and its implication for the effect of the antiーviral drugs." Mol.Biol.Evol.

[Publications] Imanishi,T.: "Patterns of nucleotide substitution inferred from the phylogenies of the class I major histocompatibility complex genes." J.Mol.Evol.

[Publications] Moriyama,E.N.: "Rates of synonymous substitution and base composition of nuclear genes in Drosophila." Genetics.

[Publications] Ikeo,K.: "Evolutionary origin of a Kunitzーtype trypsin inhibitor domain inserted in the amyloid beta precursor protein of Alzheimer's disease." J.Mol.Evol.

[Publications] Maki,H.: "A strong mutator effect caused by an aminoacid changes in the α subunit of DNA polymerase III of Escherichia coli." J.Biol.Chem.266. 5055-5061 (1991)

[Publications] Mo,J.ーY.: "Mutational specificity of the dnaE173 mutator associated with a defect in the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase III of Escherichia coli." J.Mol.Biol.222. 925-936 (1991)

[Publications] Maki,H.: "MutT protein specifically hydrolyzes 8ーoxodGTP,a potent mutagenic substrate for DNA syntehsis." Nature. 355. 273-275 (1992)

[Publications] Mita,K.: "Essential factors determining codon usage in ubiquitin genes." J.Mol.Evol.33. 216-225 (1991)

[Publications] Mita,K.: "Highty repetitive structure and its organization of silk fibroin gene." J.Cell Biol.115. 90a (1991)

[Publications] Ikemura,T.: "Aminoacyl tRNA(Anticodon):Codon adaptation" CRC Press,Florida,USA, 20 (1992)

[Publications] Matsumoto,K.: "HLA 1991" Oxford Univ.Press, 6 (1992)

[Publications] Ikemura,T.: "HLA 1991" Oxford Univ.Press, 4 (1992)

池村淑道国立遺伝学研究所, 集団遺伝研究系, 教授 (50025475)