1991 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

生物群集における種間関係の可塑性と多種共存機構

Research Project

Project/Area Number	03269105
Research Institution	Tohoku University
Principal Investigator	西平守孝東北大学, 理学部, 教授 (80004357)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	川那部浩哉京都大学, 理学部, 教授 (60025286) 安部琢哉京都大学, 生態学研究センター, 教授 (00045030) 山岡亮平京都工芸繊維大学, 繊維学部, 助教授 (00111948) 井上民二京都大学, 生態学研究センター, 教授 (90109041) 東正彦龍谷大学, 理工学部, 講師 (40183917)
Keywords	群集構造 / 多種共存機構 / 生息場所構造 / CーNバランス / シロアリ共生系 / サンゴ礁群集 / 形質置換 / 送粉共生系
Research Abstract	種間関係の可塑性と多種共存進機構を、さまざまな群集と種間関係を対象に研究した。1.生物による生息場所の創出と住込み過程を、サンゴ礁と温帯浅海の底生動物を対象に解析し、生息場所の提供・創出・条件づけの一般的3過程を抽出した。2.セルロ-スとCーNバランスを中心に生態系の新視点を論文にした。ヤマトシロアリの共生原生生物11種の細胞壁構成多糖類やセルロ-ス分解中間産物利用能力の種間差を調べ、分解中間産物だけでは長期間生存できないことを示した。3.アカマツ落葉落枝の土壌動物群集の維持機構への役割評価の操作実験を開始し、群集変化を住み場所の変化との関連で調査中。4.クロクサアリの道しるべフェロモン塗付時の吸着防止の工夫と、同物質の縄張り主張物質としての作用を解明した。共生するヤノクチナガオオアブラムシの体表に特殊なトリグリセリド(TG)を見出したが、体内では見られなかった。5.芦生ブナ林でハナバチ10種が集めた花粉の検索表作製中。送粉共生系の進化モデルを作製し、共生の持つ相互に"利己"的な側面とその由来を解明した。マルハナバチの形質置換に関する論文で、複数形質の分析法を確立した。6.タンガニイカ湖の魚類群集で、多様な補食方法が被捕食者の警戒を分散させ、捕食者の共存が促進されることを解明し、捕食方法の種内多型と種間差と共存の関連を解析した。7.沖縄のサンゴ群集で、群集動態の経時的記録と捕食者サンゴ選択性とサンゴ個体群のパラメ-タとの関連の検討を開始した。群集の数理的研究として、8.ギャップの種間競争緩和に注目し、攪乱の到来頻度と規模や攪乱位置が群集構造に与える影響を解明した。またモエビ類の共存に関する新メカニズムを見出した。9.「CーNバランス」問題を中心に据えて、シロアリ共生系の発達と社会性、サンゴ礁群集の発達、森林・草原・水域系の違いと発達要因に関する一般性のある概念モデルを構築した。

Research Products
(47 results)

All Other

All Publications (47 results)

[Publications] Yamashiro,H.& M.Nishihira: "Growth and asexual reproduction in Diaseris distorta(Michelin,1843),a free-living fungiid coral"
[Publications] Nishihira,M.: "Three basic processes in micro-habitat creation by benthic organisms in coral reef area"
[Publications] Nishihira,M.& E.Kinjo: "Partitioning of attachment site on coral heads of Porites by Dendropoma and Spirobranchus"
[Publications] Nishihira,M.& S.Poung-In: "Mutualism between sipunculan and free living solitary corals in the tropical soft bottom community"
[Publications] Abe,T.& M.Higashi: "Cellulose centered perspective of terrestrial communities" Oikos. 60. 127-133 (1991)
[Publications] 安部琢哉: "サバンナにおけるシロアリの生態" 地形. 12. 189-202 (1991)
[Publications] 加藤篤,武田博清: "森林の斜面上部と下部におけるアカマツ針葉の分解様式" 京都大学演習林報告. 63. 44-51 (1991)
[Publications] 武田博清: "生態学の総合化に向けてー植物と動物の資源利用様式からー" 個体群生態学会会報. 48. 16-22 (1991)
[Publications] 武田博清: "森林生態系の機能や構造はどのように生物群集の多様性に関連しているのだろうか" 個体群生態学会会報. 49.
[Publications] 野村香穂子,山岡亮平,他2名: "クロシジミとクロオオアリの共生メカニズムの化学生態学的解明" 蝶と蛾(日本鱗翅学会誌).
[Publications] Yamaoka,R.& T.Akino: "Orientation and recruitment pheromone of the ant Lasius fulginosus" J.Chem.Ecol.
[Publications] Yamaoka,R.& T.Akino: "Territory marking pheromone of the ant Lasius fulginosus" J.Chem.Ecol.
[Publications] Yamaoka,R.: "Importance of characteristic tridycerides of aphid on symbiosis between ant" J.Chem.Ecol.
[Publications] 井上民二: "ダ-ウィンを超えた共進化とランナウェイ" 科学朝日. 52. 12-16 (1992)
[Publications] 井上民二: "共進化の理論モデル" 遺伝別冊. 4号. 88-101 (1992)
[Publications] Hori,M.: "Feeding relationships among cichlid fishes in lake Tanganyika:effects of intra-and interspecific variations of feeding behavior on their coexistence" Ecology International Bulletin. 19. 89-101 (1991)
[Publications] Hori,M.: "A typical case of frequency-dependent selection" Science.
[Publications] Matsuda,H.,M.Hori & P.A.Abrams: "Effect of exploitative mutualism on predator persistence and community complexity" American Naturalist.
[Publications] Takahashi,S.& M.Hori: "A model on frequency dependent selection and oscillation of scale-eating fish's laterality" Biometrica.
[Publications] Kohda,M.& M.Hori: "Dichromatism in relation to the trophic biology of predatory cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika,East Africa"
[Publications] Sakai,K.& M.Nishihira: "Immediate effect of terrestrial runoff on a coral community near a river mouth in Okinawa" Galaxea. 11.
[Publications] Shigesada,N.,K.Kawasaki,O.Tsumura & E.Teramoto: "The role of multiple invasions of predators in organizing biological communities" Tech.Rep.Oak Ridge Nat.Lab.
[Publications] Takasu,F.,K.Kawasaki,H.Nakamura,J.E.Cohen & N.Shigesada: "Modelling the population dynamics of a cuckoo-host association and the evolution of host defenses"
[Publications] Shigesada,N.& K.Kawasaki: "Modelling biological invasion-stratified diffusion"
[Publications] Kawasaki,K.& N.Shigesada: "Competition for open spaces created by disturbances"
[Publications] Kawasaki,K.& N.Shigesada: "Pattern formation of Escherichia coli by chemotaxis"
[Publications] Burns,T.P.,M.Higashi,S.C.Wainright & B.C.Batten: "Trophic unfolding of a continental shelf energy-flow network" Ecological Modelling. 55. 1-26 (1991)
[Publications] Higashi,M.,N.Yamamura,T.Abe & T.P.Burns: "Why don't all termite species have a sterile worker caste?" Proceedings of Royal Society B. 246. 25-29 (1991)
[Publications] Higashi,M.,T.P.Burns & B.C.Patten: "Trophic structure of an ecosystem and trophic niches of its constituent species" Journal of theoretical Biology. 159. 52-76 (1992)
[Publications] Yamamura,N.& M.Higashi: "An evolutionary theory of conflict resolution between relatives:altruism,manipulation,compromise" Evolution.
[Publications] Higashi,M.,B.C.Patten & T.P.Burns: "Network trophic dynamics:the mode of energy transfer and utilization in ecosystems" Exological Modelling. 159. 52-76 (1992)
[Publications] 西平守孝: "フィ-ルド図鑑「造礁サンゴ」:増補版" 東海大学出版会, 266 (1991)
[Publications] Nishihira,M.,Y.Sato,Y.Arakaki & M.Tsuchiya(eds.Yanagisawa,T.,I.Yasumasu,C.Oguro,N.Suzuki & T.Motokawa): "Ecological distribution and habitat preference of four types of the sea urchin Echinometra mathaei on the Okinawan coral reefs.in:"Biology of Echinodermata" pp.91-104." Balkema,Netherlands, (1991)
[Publications] Tsuchiya,M.,M.Nishihira & Y.Sato(eds.Yanagisawa,T.,I.Yasumasu,C.Oguro,N.Suzuki & T.Motokawa): "Behavioral characteristics of the sea urchin Echinometra mathaei(Blainville):Agonistic behavior and recolonization process on the depopulated reef falt.in:"Biology of Echinodermata" pp.113-118.1991." Balkema,Netherlands, (1991)
[Publications] 武田博清: "森林土壌の生物ー土壌動物と土壌微生物「森林インストラクタ-入門」" 全国林業改良普及協会, (1992)
[Publications] Inoue,T.& M.Kato.(eds.Hunter,M.D.,Ohgushi,T.& P.W.Peice): "Inter-and intraspecific morphological variation in bumblebee species,and competition in flower utilization.in:"Resource Distribution and Animal-Plant Interactions"" Academic Press,San Diego,
[Publications] Kawasaki,K.,Nakajima,H.,Shigesada,N.& E.Teramoto(eds.Higashi,M.& T.Burns): "Structure,stability and succession of model ecosystems.in:"Theoretical Studies of Ecosystems:The Netword Perspective" pp.179-210" (1991)
[Publications] Tsumura,O.,Kawasaki,K.& N.Shigesada(eds.Cohen,J.,Kawanade,H.& K.Iwasaki): "Modeling indirect effects of predation on community structure.in:"Muatualism and the Organization of Natural Communities"" Oxford University Press,
[Publications] 重定南奈子: "「数理生態学」:岩波講座「応用数学」8,生命・生物科学の数理" 岩波書店,
[Publications] 重定南奈子: "「侵入と伝播の数理生態学」UPバオロジ-・シリ-ズ" 東京大学出版会, (1992)
[Publications] Higashi,M.& T.P.Burns: "Enrichment of ecosystems theory.in:"Theoretical Studies of Ecosystems" pp.1-38" Cambridge University Press, (1991)
[Publications] Higashi,M.& T.P.Burns: "Network trophodynamics:an emerging paradigm in ecosystem ecology.in:"Theoretical Studies of Ecosystems" pp.117-154" Cambridge University Press, (1991)
[Publications] Patten,B.C.& M.Higashi: "Indirect effects in complex ecology II.The quantitative theory.in:"Complex Ecology:The Part-Whole Relation in Ecosystems"" Prentice Hall,New York,
[Publications] Patten,B.C.,M.Higashi & T.B.Burns: "Network trophic dynamics:the alpha and omega of food web organization.in:"Complex Ecology:The Part-Whole Relation in Ecosystems"" Prentice Hall,New York,
[Publications] Higashi,M.(eds.Cohen,J.,Kawanade,h.& K.Iwasaki): "An extension of niche theory for complex interactions.in:"Muatualism and the Organization of Natural Communities"" Oxford university Press,
[Publications] Higashi,M.& T.P.Burns: ""Theoretical Studies of Ecosystems"" Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, (1991)
[Publications] Burns,T.P.,M.Higashi & B.C.Patten: "Hierachial evolution withn ecosystem networks:an environ mediated control theory.in:"Theortical Studies of Ecosystems"" Cambridge University Press, 211-239 (1991)

1991 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

生物群集における種間関係の可塑性と多種共存機構

Principal Investigator

西平 守孝 東北大学, 理学部, 教授 (80004357)

Research Products

[Publications] Yamashiro,H.& M.Nishihira: "Growth and asexual reproduction in Diaseris distorta(Michelin,1843),a free-living fungiid coral"

[Publications] Nishihira,M.: "Three basic processes in micro-habitat creation by benthic organisms in coral reef area"

[Publications] Nishihira,M.& E.Kinjo: "Partitioning of attachment site on coral heads of Porites by Dendropoma and Spirobranchus"

[Publications] Nishihira,M.& S.Poung-In: "Mutualism between sipunculan and free living solitary corals in the tropical soft bottom community"

[Publications] Abe,T.& M.Higashi: "Cellulose centered perspective of terrestrial communities" Oikos. 60. 127-133 (1991)

[Publications] 安部 琢哉: "サバンナにおけるシロアリの生態" 地形. 12. 189-202 (1991)

[Publications] 加藤 篤,武田 博清: "森林の斜面上部と下部におけるアカマツ針葉の分解様式" 京都大学演習林報告. 63. 44-51 (1991)

[Publications] 武田 博清: "生態学の総合化に向けてー植物と動物の資源利用様式からー" 個体群生態学会会報. 48. 16-22 (1991)

[Publications] 武田 博清: "森林生態系の機能や構造はどのように生物群集の多様性に関連しているのだろうか" 個体群生態学会会報. 49.

[Publications] 野村 香穂子,山岡 亮平,他2名: "クロシジミとクロオオアリの共生メカニズムの化学生態学的解明" 蝶と蛾(日本鱗翅学会誌).

[Publications] Yamaoka,R.& T.Akino: "Orientation and recruitment pheromone of the ant Lasius fulginosus" J.Chem.Ecol.

[Publications] Yamaoka,R.& T.Akino: "Territory marking pheromone of the ant Lasius fulginosus" J.Chem.Ecol.

[Publications] Yamaoka,R.: "Importance of characteristic tridycerides of aphid on symbiosis between ant" J.Chem.Ecol.

[Publications] 井上 民二: "ダ-ウィンを超えた共進化とランナウェイ" 科学朝日. 52. 12-16 (1992)

[Publications] 井上 民二: "共進化の理論モデル" 遺伝別冊. 4号. 88-101 (1992)

[Publications] Hori,M.: "Feeding relationships among cichlid fishes in lake Tanganyika:effects of intra-and interspecific variations of feeding behavior on their coexistence" Ecology International Bulletin. 19. 89-101 (1991)

[Publications] Hori,M.: "A typical case of frequency-dependent selection" Science.

[Publications] Matsuda,H.,M.Hori & P.A.Abrams: "Effect of exploitative mutualism on predator persistence and community complexity" American Naturalist.

[Publications] Takahashi,S.& M.Hori: "A model on frequency dependent selection and oscillation of scale-eating fish's laterality" Biometrica.

[Publications] Kohda,M.& M.Hori: "Dichromatism in relation to the trophic biology of predatory cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika,East Africa"

[Publications] Sakai,K.& M.Nishihira: "Immediate effect of terrestrial runoff on a coral community near a river mouth in Okinawa" Galaxea. 11.

[Publications] Shigesada,N.,K.Kawasaki,O.Tsumura & E.Teramoto: "The role of multiple invasions of predators in organizing biological communities" Tech.Rep.Oak Ridge Nat.Lab.

[Publications] Takasu,F.,K.Kawasaki,H.Nakamura,J.E.Cohen & N.Shigesada: "Modelling the population dynamics of a cuckoo-host association and the evolution of host defenses"

[Publications] Shigesada,N.& K.Kawasaki: "Modelling biological invasion-stratified diffusion"

[Publications] Kawasaki,K.& N.Shigesada: "Competition for open spaces created by disturbances"

[Publications] Kawasaki,K.& N.Shigesada: "Pattern formation of Escherichia coli by chemotaxis"

[Publications] Burns,T.P.,M.Higashi,S.C.Wainright & B.C.Batten: "Trophic unfolding of a continental shelf energy-flow network" Ecological Modelling. 55. 1-26 (1991)

[Publications] Higashi,M.,N.Yamamura,T.Abe & T.P.Burns: "Why don't all termite species have a sterile worker caste?" Proceedings of Royal Society B. 246. 25-29 (1991)

[Publications] Higashi,M.,T.P.Burns & B.C.Patten: "Trophic structure of an ecosystem and trophic niches of its constituent species" Journal of theoretical Biology. 159. 52-76 (1992)

[Publications] Yamamura,N.& M.Higashi: "An evolutionary theory of conflict resolution between relatives:altruism,manipulation,compromise" Evolution.

[Publications] Higashi,M.,B.C.Patten & T.P.Burns: "Network trophic dynamics:the mode of energy transfer and utilization in ecosystems" Exological Modelling. 159. 52-76 (1992)

[Publications] 西平 守孝: "フィ-ルド図鑑「造礁サンゴ」:増補版" 東海大学出版会, 266 (1991)

[Publications] 武田 博清: "森林土壌の生物ー土壌動物と土壌微生物「森林インストラクタ-入門」" 全国林業改良普及協会, (1992)

[Publications] Inoue,T.& M.Kato.(eds.Hunter,M.D.,Ohgushi,T.& P.W.Peice): "Inter-and intraspecific morphological variation in bumblebee species,and competition in flower utilization.in:"Resource Distribution and Animal-Plant Interactions"" Academic Press,San Diego,

[Publications] Kawasaki,K.,Nakajima,H.,Shigesada,N.& E.Teramoto(eds.Higashi,M.& T.Burns): "Structure,stability and succession of model ecosystems.in:"Theoretical Studies of Ecosystems:The Netword Perspective" pp.179-210" (1991)

[Publications] Tsumura,O.,Kawasaki,K.& N.Shigesada(eds.Cohen,J.,Kawanade,H.& K.Iwasaki): "Modeling indirect effects of predation on community structure.in:"Muatualism and the Organization of Natural Communities"" Oxford University Press,

[Publications] 重定 南奈子: "「数理生態学」:岩波講座「応用数学」8,生命・生物科学の数理" 岩波書店,

[Publications] 重定 南奈子: "「侵入と伝播の数理生態学」UPバオロジ-・シリ-ズ" 東京大学出版会, (1992)

[Publications] Higashi,M.& T.P.Burns: "Enrichment of ecosystems theory.in:"Theoretical Studies of Ecosystems" pp.1-38" Cambridge University Press, (1991)

[Publications] Higashi,M.& T.P.Burns: "Network trophodynamics:an emerging paradigm in ecosystem ecology.in:"Theoretical Studies of Ecosystems" pp.117-154" Cambridge University Press, (1991)

[Publications] Patten,B.C.& M.Higashi: "Indirect effects in complex ecology II.The quantitative theory.in:"Complex Ecology:The Part-Whole Relation in Ecosystems"" Prentice Hall,New York,

[Publications] Patten,B.C.,M.Higashi & T.B.Burns: "Network trophic dynamics:the alpha and omega of food web organization.in:"Complex Ecology:The Part-Whole Relation in Ecosystems"" Prentice Hall,New York,

[Publications] Higashi,M.(eds.Cohen,J.,Kawanade,h.& K.Iwasaki): "An extension of niche theory for complex interactions.in:"Muatualism and the Organization of Natural Communities"" Oxford university Press,

[Publications] Higashi,M.& T.P.Burns: ""Theoretical Studies of Ecosystems"" Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, (1991)

[Publications] Burns,T.P.,M.Higashi & B.C.Patten: "Hierachial evolution withn ecosystem networks:an environ mediated control theory.in:"Theortical Studies of Ecosystems"" Cambridge University Press, 211-239 (1991)

西平守孝東北大学, 理学部, 教授 (80004357)

[Publications] 安部琢哉: "サバンナにおけるシロアリの生態" 地形. 12. 189-202 (1991)

[Publications] 加藤篤,武田博清: "森林の斜面上部と下部におけるアカマツ針葉の分解様式" 京都大学演習林報告. 63. 44-51 (1991)

[Publications] 武田博清: "生態学の総合化に向けてー植物と動物の資源利用様式からー" 個体群生態学会会報. 48. 16-22 (1991)

[Publications] 武田博清: "森林生態系の機能や構造はどのように生物群集の多様性に関連しているのだろうか" 個体群生態学会会報. 49.

[Publications] 野村香穂子,山岡亮平,他2名: "クロシジミとクロオオアリの共生メカニズムの化学生態学的解明" 蝶と蛾(日本鱗翅学会誌).

[Publications] 井上民二: "ダ-ウィンを超えた共進化とランナウェイ" 科学朝日. 52. 12-16 (1992)

[Publications] 井上民二: "共進化の理論モデル" 遺伝別冊. 4号. 88-101 (1992)

[Publications] 西平守孝: "フィ-ルド図鑑「造礁サンゴ」:増補版" 東海大学出版会, 266 (1991)

[Publications] 武田博清: "森林土壌の生物ー土壌動物と土壌微生物「森林インストラクタ-入門」" 全国林業改良普及協会, (1992)

[Publications] 重定南奈子: "「数理生態学」:岩波講座「応用数学」8,生命・生物科学の数理" 岩波書店,

[Publications] 重定南奈子: "「侵入と伝播の数理生態学」UPバオロジ-・シリ-ズ" 東京大学出版会, (1992)