1993 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Chemical Dynamics of Snow Cover and Snow Biology
| Project/Area Number |
03455020
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
広領域
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| Research Institution | Tokyo Metoropolitan University |
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Principal Investigator |
SUZUKI Keisuke Tokyo Metoropolitan University, Faculty of Science, Assistant Professor, 理学部, 助手 (60145662)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
KOHSIHIMA Shiro Tokyo Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Associate Profesor, 理学部, 助教授 (60183802)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1991 – 1993
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| Keywords | Snow cover / Snow meltwater / Microbe / Algae / Bacteria / 藻類 / バクテリア |
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| Research Abstract |
A study was carried out at a boreal fores, eastern Canada. Conentrations of NH _4 ^+ and NO _3 ^- of precipitation in a forest are lower than that in a open area. The losses of NH _4 ^+ and NO _3 ^- are considered to be affected by the biological activity. Concentration of chemical substance of snowmelt water in a open area shows diurnal variation. The hydrograph of snowmelt is separated into "old water" and "new water". Meltwater in the lower snowpack is called to "old water", and meltwater percolated from surface snow layr is called to "new water". The separated "old water" is the major componentof early snowmelt runoff. "New water" is the major component of recession limb of the hydrograph.
Seasonal change of surface impurities covering a perennial snow patch, Kuranosuke sekkei in Japan Alps, were analyzed. During the thawing period, amount and coloin darkness of the impurities gradually increased and bulk albedo of the snow patch was reduced in accordance with it. Microscopic observation and albedo spectrum of the impurities revealed that drkening of the impurity coloration was mainly due to the growth of cryo-microbes such as snow algae, fungi and bacteria growing in the melting snow.
In some Himalayan glaciers, the microbial production on the glacier surface is so large during the monsoon that the surface of the ablation area is covered with a dark clored mud-like material which mainly consists of algae and bacteria. This material reduces the surface albedo of glacier and accelerates glacier melting.
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[Publications] Suzuki, K., Ishi, Y., Kodama, Y., Kobayashi, D., and Jones, H.G.: "Snowmelt water runoff in a boreal forest, eastern Canada II : chemical dynamics of snowmelt." Low Tempature Science. 51. 93-108 (1992)
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「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
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[Publications] Suzuki, K., Igarashi, M., Fujii, Y., Kamiyama, K., and Watanabe, O.: "Methanesulfonic acid and major ions in the ice core from Site-J, Geenland." Bulletin of Glacier Research. 9. 71-76 (1991)
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[Publications] Kameda, T., Takahashi, S., Goto, K., Kohshima, S., Watanabe, O.and Hagen, J.: "First report of ice core analyzes and bore hole temperatures on the highest ice field on western spitsbergen in 1992" Bulletin of Glacier Research. 11. 51-61 (1993)
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「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
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[Publications] Suzuki, K., Ishi, Y., Kodama, Y., Kobayashi, D., and Jones, H.G.: "Chemical dynamics of a boreal forest snowpack during the snowmelt season." Snow cover and its Interactions with Climate and Ecosystems (IAHS Publication), ed. Jones, H.G., Davies, T.D.in press. 93-108 (1994)
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「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
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[Publications] Kobayashi, D., Kodama, Y., Nomura, M., Ishi, Y., and Suzuki, K.: "Comparison of snowmelt hydrograph separation by recession analysis and by stream temperature and conductunce." Trace in Hydrology (IAHS Publication No. 215), ed. Peters, N.E., Hoehn, E., Leibundgut, Ch., Tase, H.and Walling, D.E.49-56 (1993)
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[Publications] Kohshima, S., Yoshimura, Y., Seko, K.and Ohata, T.: "Albedo reduction by biotic impurities on a perennial snow patch in Japan Alps." Snow cover and its Interactions with Climate and Ecosystems (IAHS Publication), ed. Jones, H.G., Davies, T.D.in press. (1994)
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「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
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