1996 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Molecular Mechanisms for Responses of Photosynthetic organisms to Environments
| Project/Area Number |
04273103
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Institution | Okazaki National Research Institutes |
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Principal Investigator |
MURATA Norio National Institute for Basic Biology, Professor, 基礎生物学研究所, 教授 (90011569)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
SHINOZAKI Kazuo Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Chief Researcher, 主任研究員 (20124216)
OGAWA Teruo Nagoya University, Professor, 生物分子応答研究センター, 教授 (80087593)
SUGIYAMA Tatsuo Nagoya University, Professor, 農学部, 教授 (50023453)
MIZUNO Takeshi Nagoya University, Professor, 農学部, 教授 (10174038)
WADA Keishiro Kanazawa University, Professor, 理学部, 教授 (70028174)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1992 – 1995
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| Keywords | Environment / Acclimation / Tolerance / Photosynthesis / Low temperature / Salt stress / Ion deficiency / Cyanobacteria |
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| Research Abstract |
Purpose of Research : The purpose of this research was ; (1) to isolate genes which are involved in the acclimation of photosynthetic organisms to varieties of environmental conditions ; (2) to transform higher plants and cyanobacteria with the isolated genes ; and (3) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the acclimation to the environment by analyzing the phenotypes of transformed plants.
Main Results of Research : (1) Acclimation and tolerance to low temperature : we isolated, from cyanobacteria, several genes for fatty acid desaturases which are involved in the acclimation of photosynthetic organisms to low temperature. Analysis of mutants in which these genes were inactivated by insertion of antibiotic gene cartridges, indicated that the unsaturation of fatty acids of membrane lipids protected the photosystem II complex against photoinhibition by accelerating the biogenesis of the D1 protein. (2) Tolerance to salt stress : we isolated, from a soil bacterium, the codA gene for ch
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oline oxidase that synthesizes glycinebetaine which is involved in the acclimation to and tolerance of photosynthetic organisms to the salt stress. The transformation of cyanobacteria and Arabidopsis thaliana with the codA gene enhanced the tolerance to salt stress by protection of the photosystem II complex from the photoinhibited state. (3) Mechanisms of concentration of CO_2 ; cyanobacterial cells actively accumulate CO_2 when they are exposed to low-CO_2 conditions. We isolated a mutant which was defective in the ability ot intracellularly concentrate CO_2 and isolated a gene for the ability by complementation. (4) Acclimation to deficiency of inorganic ions : We isolated a gene for a sensor of deficiency of phosphate and a gene for a transcription factor which was phosphorylated under control of the sensor. (5) Drought-induced gene expression : One of the drought-induced genes in Arabidopsis thaliana is rd29A.Effects of systematic deletions of the upstream region of this gene indicated that there are two cis-regions ; one is regulated directly by drought and the other via synthesis of abscisic acid. Less
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