Development of easy system using molecular markers for identification of germplasm in forage crops.

1994 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary

• Project/Area Number: 04556039
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Research Field: 畜産学(含草地学)
• Research Institution: Hokkaido University
• Principal Investigator: SHIMAMOTO Yoshiya Hokkaido Univ., Fac.of Agri., Prof., 農学部, 教授 (00001438)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): HASHIZUME Ken Yukizirushi Shubiyo, Senior Researcher, 中央研究農場, 主席研究員 ; SUGIYANA Shuiti Hokkaido Univ., Fac.of Agri., Instructor., 農学部, 助手 (00154500) ; ABE Jun Hokkaido Univ., Fac.of Agri., Associate Prof., 農学部, 助教授 (00192998) ; BANTO Hishanori Hokkaido Univ., Fac.of Agri., Associate Prof., 農学部, 助教授 (20189731) ; MIKAMI Tetuo Hokkaido Univ., Fac.of Agri., Prof., 農学部, 教授 (50133715)
• Project Period (FY): 1992 – 1994
• Keywords: Forage crops / Molecular markers / Discrimination / Perennial ryegrass / Forage corn / Fodder beet / RAPD / Isozyme

Research Abstract

In forage crops it is very difficult to distinguish genetically among various germplasms including ecotypes, landraces and breeding lines, because their outbreeding propagation habit and special method for improvement might cause to include a wide genetic variation between and within the germplasms. Application of molecular markers may be a promising method for evaluation and discrimination of genetic resources in forage crops.
Some techniques for nuclear genome molecular markers were used to analyze for discrimination of germplasm. Fodder beet landraces could be distinguished by 14 alleles of isozyme loci. RAPD by PCR of a few random primers with ten base pair could identify each inbred line of the forage corn. A method for anther culture line remains open.
There are many cases that a germplasm can not be characterized by nuclear genome molecular markers. Compared with nuclear genome, organelle genome may be stable and convenient to group the germplasms in accordance with their phylogenetic relation. RFLP by 3 restricted enzymes and 6 mitochondria gene probes could classified the perennial ryegrass cultivars into three types, which are phylogenetically close to each other, and other ones. Most of the cultivars belonged equally to the three types. Mitochondria genome polymorphism within-cultivar was observed in some perennial ryegrass, though it may be a rare phenomenon.
In forage crops Development of the easy system using molecular markers made the evaluation and classification of the germplasms and will promote to raise a new cultivar.