1993 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Indentification of a Novel Toxic Compound of The Toxic Cyanobacterum in Eutrophic Freshwater Lakes
| Project/Area Number |
04660099
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
応用生物化学・栄養化学
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| Research Institution | National Institute For Environmental Studies |
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Principal Investigator |
KAYA Kunimutsu National Institute For Environmental Studies, Environmental Chemistry Division, Laboratory Chief., 化学環境部, 室長 (40124341)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1992 – 1993
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| Keywords | Synechococcus sp. / Thioic S-acid / Thioic O-acid / Sulfolipid / Cell growth inhibition / HL-60 / LD_<50> / Tanichtys albonubes |
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| Research Abstract |
Recently, toxic blooms of cyanobacteria(blue-green algae) have been detected in freshwater lakes all over the world. The bloom-forming Microcystis, Anabaena and Oscillatoria produce hepatotoxins called microcystins. On the other hand, picoplankton cyanobacteria have also been detected in freshwater lakes. It has been apprehensive that the picoplankton may be implicated in human health and poisoning of fish. In this project, we investigated a novel toxic compound in Synechococcus sp.as a picoplankton cyanobacterium.
A toxic compound, thioic O-acid ester-containing sulfolipid(thionsulfolipid), was isolated from cells of picoplankton cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. The lipid accounted for about 0.2% of the lyophilized cells. The lipid was subjected to mild alkaline hydrolysis, and the strucures of the hydrolysis products were identified by infrared spectra, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometries, as fatty acids and hexadecane-, hexadecene- and tetradecanethioic S-acids. Thioic S-acid was further confirmed by the synthesis of hexadecanethioic S-acid from palmitoylchloride and hydrogen sulfide. The positional distribution of the thioic acid in the lipid was determined by beta-galactosidase, sulphur-oxygen exchange reaction using silver nitrate, and lypase hydrolysis of the diacylglycerol derived from lipid. The structure of the thionsulfolipid was identified as 6-sulfo-alpha-D-quinovopyranosyl(1->1')-2'-O-acyl-3'-O-thioacyl-D-glycerol. When cells of HL-60, human lymphoma, were cultured with thionsulfolipid, 61% the cell growth was inhibited at the concentration of 200 mug/ml. The lipid was toxic against minnows(Tanichtys albonubes). The LD_<50> was 20 ppm. Thioic O-acid ester-containing lipid(thionsulfolipid) has not been found in any other photosynthetic organisms.
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[Publications] Kaya,K.,Sano,T.,Watanabe,M.,Shiraishi,F.,and Ito,H: "Thioic-O-acid ester in sulfolipid isolated from freshwater picoplankton Cyanobacterium,Synechococcus sp." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1196. 39-45 (1993)
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