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1994 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary

Recent African Origin of Modern Humans Revealed by Complete Sequences of Hominoid Mitochondrial DNAs

Research Project

Project/Area Number 05454005
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Research Field 遺伝
Research InstitutionNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENETICS

Principal Investigator

HOURAI Satoshi  NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENETICS,DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN GENETICS,ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, 総合遺伝研究系, 助教授 (40126157)

Project Period (FY) 1993 – 1994
KeywordsMITOCHONDRIAL DNA / MOLECULAR CLOCK / SYNONYMOUS SUBSTITUTION RATE / MULTIREGIONAL HYPOTHESIS / OUT OF AFRICA HYPOTHESIS
Research Abstract

We analyzed the complete mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences of three humans (African, European and Japanese), three African apes (common and pygmy chimpanzess, and gorilla), and one orangutan in an attempt to estimate most accurately the substitution rates and divergence times of hominoid mtDNAs. Nonsynonymous substitutions and substitutions in RNA genes have accumulated with an approximately clock-like regularity. From these substitutions and under the assumption that the orangutan and African apes diverhed 13 million years ago, we obtained a divergence time for humans and chimpanzees of 4.9 million years. This divergence time permitted calibration of the synonymous substitution rate (3.89_x 10^<-8>/site/year). To obtain the substitution rate in the D (displacement)-loop region, we compared the three human mtDNAs and measured the relative abundance of substitutions in the D-loop region and at synonymous sites. The estimated substitution rate in the D-loop region was 7.00_x 10^<-8>/site/year. Using both synonymous and D-loop substitutions, we inferred the age of the last common ancestor of the human mtDNAs as 143,000? B118,000 years. The shallow ancestry of human mtDNAs, together with the observation that the African sequence is most diverged among humans, strongly supports the recent African origin of modern humans, H.sapiens sapiens.

  • Research Products

    (22 results)

All Other

All Publications (22 results)

  • [Publications] Umetsu K.et al.: "Polymorphisms of complement component I and C1R subcomponent of C1 in nine aboriginal Taiwanese populations." HumanBiology. 66(2). 339-348 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Kadowaki T.eat al.: "A subtype of diabetes mellitus associated with a mutation of mitochondrial DNA." New Eng.J.Med.330. 963-968 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Kawakami Y.et al.: "Mitochondrial myopathy with progressive decrease in mitochondrial tRNA^<Leu(UUR)> mutant genomes." Ann. Neurol.35. 370-373 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Marie S.K.N.et al.: "A Caucasion family with 3271 mutation in mitochondrial DNA." Biochem.Med.Metabol.Biol.52. 136-139 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Hattori Y.et al.: "Point mutations in mitochondrial tRNA genes:sequence analysis chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO)." J.Neurol.Sci.125. 50-55 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Goto Y.et al.: "A new point mutataion at nucleotide pair 3291 of the mitochondrial tRNA^<Leu(UUR)> gene in a patient with MELAS." Biochem.Biophy.Res.Commun.202(3). 1624-1630 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Murakami T.,et al.: "Enzymatic and genetic adaptation of soleus muscle mitochondria to physical training in rats." Am.J.Physiol.267. 388-395 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Horai S.et al.: "Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA. 92. 532-536 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Umetsu K,et al.: "Orsomucoid phenotyping with monoclonal antibodies:Polymorphic occurence of ORM1*Q0 in Aboriginal Taiwanese populations." Hum.Hered.(in press). (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Hammer M.&Horai S.: "Y chromosonal DNA variation and6 the peopling of Japan." Am.J.Hum.Genet.(in press). (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Jin F.et al.: "Genetic polymorphism of ADA in Taiwan aboriginal populations:New ADA v ariants detected by isoelectric focusing method." Antropological Science. (in press). (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Hayashi S.el al.: "Molecular phylogeny of gibbons inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences." J.Mol.Evol.(in press). (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Horai S.: "The origin and past of Homo sapiens sapiens as viewed from DNA,S.Brenner and K.Hanihara(eds.)" World Scientific Publishing (in press), (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Horai S.et al.: "Prehistoric dispersal of Mongoloids.T.Akazawa(ed.)" Oxford University Press (in press), (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Horai S., Kondo R., Nakagawa-Hattori Y., Hayashi S., Sonode S.and Tajima K.: "Peopling of the Americas, founded by four major lineages of mitochondrial DNA." Mol.Biol.Evol.10 (1). 23-47 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Kondo R., Horai S., Satta Y.and Tskahata N.: "Evolution of hominoid mitochondrial DNA with special reference to the silent substitution rate over the genome." J.Mol.Evol.36 (6). 217-231 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Horai S.: "Different waves of migration to the New World : implications of mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in Native Americans." Current Research in the Pleistocene. Oregon State University Press. Vol.10. 43-45 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Horai S., Hayasaka K., Kondo R., Tsugane K.and Takahata N.: "Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.92. 532-536 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Horai S.: "Origin of Homo sapiens in ferred from the age of the common ancestral human mitochondrial DNA.In : The origin and past of Homo sapiens sapiens as viewed from DNA.S.Brenner and K.Hanihara (eds.)" World Scientific Publishing. (in press). (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Hammer M.and Horai S.: "Y chromosomal DNA variation and the peopling of Japan." Am.J.Hum.Genet.(in press). (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Hayashi S., Hayasaka K., Takenaka O.and Horai S.: "Molecular phylogeny of gibbons inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences." J.Mol.Evol.(in press). (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Horai S., Kondo R., Sonoda S.and Tajima K.: The first Americans : Different waves of migration to the New World inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence. Oxford University Press, (in press), 1995

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より

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Published: 1996-04-15  

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