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1994 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary

Long-term survival mechanisms of human populations with low increase rates

Research Project

Project/Area Number 05454033
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Research Field 人類学(含生理人類学)
Research InstitutionUniversity of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

OHTSUKA Ryutaro  Professor, Department of Human Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 医学部(医), 教授 (60010071)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) TOKUNAGA Katsushi  Head of Section 1, Research Division, Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Center, 中央血液センター研究部・研究一課, 課長
AKAZAWA Takeru  Professor, The University Museum, University of Tokyo, 総合研究資料館, 教授 (70013753)
NAKAZAWA Minato  Instructor, Department of Human Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toky, 医学部(医), 助手 (40251227)
Project Period (FY) 1993 – 1994
KeywordsSimulation / Human Population / Papua New Guinea / Long-term Population Fluctuation / Carrying Capacity / Gene-transmission Model
Research Abstract

To clarify mechanisms of a human population's long-term survival through generations, this study constructed a set of three models in which its number changes and individual difference of reproduction rates exists. In the second step, our own data of demographic parameters, malaria prevalences according to geographic conditions, and various allele frequencies, which were obtained from a contemporary Gidra-speaking population in Papua New Guinea, were rearranged to be applicable to the models. The first model examined effects of individual difference of fertility. The results proved a markedly smaller number of maintained genes of the parent generation, in comparison with that in the previous gene-pool models : of 200 parents, only 26.5 had offspring at 30th generation ; and, the maximum number of offspring per parent was 300.2. The second model, in which gene diversity was examined among a initial population of 200 males and 200 females, demonstrated that it was significantly lower in the case of monogamy than in the case of polygyny. The third comprehensive model examined long-term human survival, taking into account the effects of infectious diseases on the stable population model. For instance, in cases that the initial population, 1,000 in number, inhabited the interior zone relatively free from such diseases and that individuals over the potential limit based on carrying capacity migrated to peripheral disease-prevalent zone and met with higher mortality, the gene pools differed between the two zones unless the difference of death rate from such diseases between them exceeded 1.0%. These results demonstrate that different gene structure in various loci between the two zones attributed to prevalence of diseases, malaria in particular. Our further analyzes make it possible to model long-term survival of human populations, including prehistoric ones, in more generalized conditions.

  • Research Products

    (16 results)

All Other

All Publications (16 results)

  • [Publications] Nakazawa,M.: "Differential malaria prevalence among villages of the Gidra in lowland Papua New Guinea" Tropical and Geographical Medicine. 46. 350-354 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Ohtsuka,R.: "Genealogical-demographic analysis of the long-term adaptation of a human population:Methodological implications" Anthropological Science. 102. 49-57 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Ohtsuka,R.: "An Ecological assessment of the low population density of taro monoculturalists in highland-fringe of Papua New Guinea" Man and Culture in Oceania. 10. 103-115 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Ohtsuka,R.: "Subsistence ecology and carrying capacity in two Papua New Guinea populations" Journal of Biosocial Science. 26. 395-407 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Yoshida,M.: "HLA-DRB1 frequencies of Non-Austronesian-speaking Gidra in south New Guinea and their genetic affinities with Oceanian populations" American Journal of Physical Anthropology. (in press).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Tokunaga,K.: "Distribution of HLA antigens and haplotypes in the Buryat population in Siberia" Tissue Antigens. (in press).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Hladik,C.M.: "Tropical Forests,People and Food:Biocultural Interactions and Application to Development" UNESCO,Paris, 852 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 大塚柳太郎(編): "地球に生きる3・資源への文化適応" 雄山閣,東京, 304 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Nakazawa, M., et al.: "Differential malaria prevalence among villages of the Gidra in lowland Papua New Guinea." Tropical and Geographical Medicine. 46. 350-354 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Ohtsuka, R.: "Genealogical-demographic analysis of the long-term adaptation of a human population : Methodological implications." Anthropological Science. 102. 49-57 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Ohtsuka, R.: "An ecological assessment of the low population density of taro monoculturalists in highland-fringe of Papua New Guinea." Man and Culture in Oceania. 10. 103-115 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Ohtsuka, R.: "Subsistence ecology and carrying capacity in two Papua New Guinea populations." Journal of Biosocial Science. 26. 395-407 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Yoshida, M., et al.: "HLA-DRB1 frequencies of Non-Austronesian-speaking Gidra in south New Guinea and their genetic affinities with Oceanian populations." American Journal of Physical Anthropology. (in press).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Tokunaga, K., et al.: "Distribution of HLA antigens and haplotypes in the Buryat population in Siberia." Tissue Antigens. (in press).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Hladik, C.M., et al.: [Eds.] : Tropical Forests , People and Food : Biocultural Interactions and Application to Development.UNESCO,Paris, 852 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Ohtsuka, R., [Ed.]: Living on the Earth : Cultural Adaptation to Resources.Yuzankaku, Tokyo, (in Japanese), 304

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より

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Published: 1996-04-15  

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