1994 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Material evolution simulator
| Project/Area Number |
05554013
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
Petrology/Mineralogy/Science of ore deposit
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| Research Institution | HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY |
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Principal Investigator |
KOUCHI Akira HOKKAIDO UNIV.ILTS.LOW TEMPERA TURE SCIENCE,RESEARCH ASSOCIATE, 低温科学研究所, 助手 (60161866)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
SAKURAI Y TANAKA CHEMICAL CO.RESEARCH FELLOW, 技術部, 研究員
FURUKAWA Y HOKKAIDO UNIV.ILTS.LOW TEMPERATURE SCIENCE,ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, 低温科学研究所, 助教授 (20113623)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1993 – 1994
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| Keywords | Material Evolution / Chemical Evolution / Interstellar Grains / Organic Matter / Ice / UV-Rays / Ion |
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| Research Abstract |
A set of laboratory experiments is presented that study the evolution of solid organic matter at low temperature as a result of exposure to photons and ions, with the aim of simulating the formation and evolution of organic refractory mantles on interstellar grains.
Organic residue is a product of UV photolysed ice mantles in dense clouds and consists of 2-3 C atom containing compounds. From laboratory experiments, the efficiency of organic residue formation is given as a function of UV radiation dose.The yield of organic residue is so high that probably is the major source of solid carbonaceous matter in the interstellar medium.
The processing into more complex carbonaceous matter has been simulated by irradiation with 10e VUV photons and bom-bardment with 3ke V He^+ions. The latter have a stopping power similar to cosmic ray 1 MeVprotons.The subesquent evolution of the residue is characterized by two processes : The loss of H,O.and N (carbonization) and the formation of polyaromatic clusters in the polymeric solid (polymerization) . Both processes are shown to occur, but notably polymerization by cosmic ray ions is found to be abbout 10^3 times more efficient than that by UV photons per unit energy absorbed. UV photons, however, will dominate the polymerization and carbonization, because in the diffuse medium UV photons deposit as much as 10^5 times more energy in the organic refractoy grain mantles than cosmic rays.
After a typical lifetime in the diffusc medium, the processed organic refractory grain mantle becomes an hydrogenated amorphous carbon with a relatively large optical gap of about 0.6-1.le V,with small but significant amounts of H,O,and N,and graphitic clusters up to sizes of 30-60 rings. This makes interstellar grain mantles a potential source of PAHs.
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Research Products
(6 results)
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[Publications] Greenberg, J.M., Kouchi, A., Niessen, W., Irth, H., van Paradijs, J., de Groot, M.and Hermsen, W.: "Interstellar dust, chirality, comets and the origins of life : life from dead stars?" "Structure and Model of the First Cell". (in press). (1995)
Description
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